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The capacity for miRNAs to fine-tune inflammatory signaling make them attractive treatment targets for immunological diseases. Nonetheless, the degree of redundancy among miRNAs, coupled with the promiscuity of miRNA binding sites in the transcriptome, require consideration when designing miRNA-directed interventions. Altered miRNA expression occurs across a range of inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and diabetes. However, very few studies successfully treated murine models of immunological diseases with miRNA-based approaches. While discussing recent studies targeting miRNAs to treat immunological conditions, we also reflect on the risks of miRNA targeting and showcase some newer delivery systems that may improve the pharmacological profile of this class of therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T22:33:09Z","timestamp":1431729189000},"page":"5047-5052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Prospects for Therapeutic Targeting of MicroRNAs in Human Immunological Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Marisa E","family":"Luck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan A","family":"Muljo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colm B","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030706363674300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01957","article-title":"The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA processing","volume":"425","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062961","article-title":"A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme Dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA","volume":"293","author":"Hutv\u00e1gner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00822","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00822","article-title":"A component of the mir-17-92 polycistronic oncomir promotes oncogene-dependent apoptosis","volume":"2","author":"Olive","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.035","article-title":"Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets","volume":"120","author":"Lewis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102513","article-title":"Argonaute2 is the catalytic engine of mammalian RNAi","volume":"305","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102514","article-title":"Crystal structure of Argonaute and its implications for RISC slicer activity","volume":"305","author":"Song","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097434","article-title":"MicroRNA-directed cleavage of HOXB8 mRNA","volume":"304","author":"Yekta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09267","article-title":"Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels","volume":"466","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215704","article-title":"Ribosome profiling shows that miR-430 reduces translation before causing mRNA decay in zebrafish","volume":"336","author":"Bazzini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030706363674300_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.09.005","article-title":"MicroRNAs trigger dissociation of eIF4AI and eIF4AII from target mRNAs in humans","volume":"56","author":"Fukao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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