{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:43:41Z","timestamp":1792079021638,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Hepatic injury undergoes significant increases in endocannabinoidsand infiltrations of macrophages, yet the concrete mechanisms of changes in endocannabinoids and the functions of macrophage-expressed cannabinoid receptors (CBs) are unclear. Biosynthetic and degradative enzymes of endocannabinoids revealed a significant change in human fibrotic liver. Meanwhile, we showed dynamic changes of these enzymes and CBs (CB1 and CB2) from 1 to 56 d in carbon tetrachloride\u2013induced murine liver injury. Biosynthetic enzymes (N-acylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine selective phospholipase D and diacylglycerol lipase-\u03b1) and CBs were markedly increased, whereas degradative enzymes (fatty acid amidohydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase) were downregulated. Moreover, these enzymes intimately correlated with the fibrosis parameter [procollagen \u03b11(III)]. Bone marrow\u2013derived monocytes\/macrophages (BMM) expressed CBs. Interestingly, CB1 but not CB2 mediated BMM migration through a Boyden chambers assay, and the effect depended on the G(\u03b1)i\/o\/RhoA\/ROCK signaling pathway. ICR mice were lethally irradiated and received BM transplants from enhanced GFP transgenic mice. Four weeks later, mice of BM reconstruction were subjected to carbon tetrachloride\u2013induced liver injury. In the chimeric murine model, we found that blockade of CB1 by administration of a CB1 antagonist inhibited the recruitment of BMM into injured liver using immunofluorescence staining and FACS, but it did not have effects on migration of T cells and dendritic cells without CB1 expression. Furthermore, activation of CB1 enhanced cytokine expression of BMM. In vivo, inhibition of CB1 attenuated the inflammatory cytokine level through real-time RT-PCR and cytometric bead array, ameliorating hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In this study, we identify inactivation of BMM-expressed CB1 as a therapeutic strategy for reducing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,29]],"date-time":"2015-08-29T00:31:37Z","timestamp":1440808297000},"page":"3390-3401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Endocannabinoid System Contributes to Liver Injury and Inflammation by Activation of Bone Marrow\u2013Derived Monocytes\/Macrophages in a CB1-Dependent Manner"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Mai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030704153469500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2013.02.002","article-title":"Endogenous cannabinoids revisited: a biochemistry perspective","volume":"102-103","author":"Fonseca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"2025030704153469500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.07.030","article-title":"Cannabinoid physiology and pharmacology: 30 years of progress","volume":"47","author":"Howlett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2025030704153469500_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2553","article-title":"Targeting the endocannabinoid system: to enhance or reduce?","volume":"7","author":"Di Marzo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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