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Exogenous cathelicidin was found to inhibit H. pylori growth, destroy the bacteria biofilm, and induce morphological alterations in H. pylori membrane. Additionally, knockdown of endogenous cathelicidin in human gastric epithelial HFE-145 cells markedly increased the intracellular survival of H. pylori. Consistently, cathelicidin knockout mice exhibited stronger H. pylori colonization, higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and ICAM1, and lower expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the gastric mucosa upon H. pylori infection. In wild-type mice, H. pylori infection also stimulated gastric epithelium-derived cathelicidin production. Importantly, pretreatment with bioengineered Lactococcus lactis that actively secretes cathelicidin significantly increased mucosal cathelicidin levels and reduced H. pylori infection and the associated inflammation. Moreover, cathelicidin strengthened the barrier function of gastric mucosa by stimulating mucus synthesis. Collectively, these findings indicate that cathelicidin plays a significant role as a potential natural antibiotic for H. pylori clearance and a therapeutic agent for chronic gastritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]],"date-time":"2016-01-22T22:44:59Z","timestamp":1453502699000},"page":"1799-1809","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Critical Role of Antimicrobial Peptide Cathelicidin for Controlling\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    Survival and Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Digestive Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, 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