{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:22:29Z","timestamp":1791238949462,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Hiromi Kubagawa and John E. Coligan coordinated an online meeting to define an appropriate nomenclature for the cell surface glycoprotein presently designated by different names: Toso, Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule 3 (FAIM3), and IgM FcR (Fc\u03bcR). FAIM3 and Faim3 are the currently approved symbols for the human and mouse genes, respectively, in the National Center for Biotechnology Information, Ensembl, and other databases. However, recent functional results reported by several groups of investigators strongly support a recommendation for renaming FAIM3\/Faim3 as FCMR\/Fcmr, a name better reflecting its physiological function as the FcR for IgM. Participants included 12 investigators involved in studying Toso\/FAIM3(Faim3)\/F\u03bcR, representatives from the Human Genome Nomenclature Committee (Ruth Seal) and the Mouse Genome Nomenclature Committee (Monica McAndrews), and an observer from the IgM research field (Michael Carroll). In this article, we provide a brief background of the key research on the Toso\/FAIM3(Faim3)\/Fc\u03bcR proteins, focusing on the ligand specificity and functional activity, followed by a brief summary of discussion about adopting a single name for this molecule and its gene and a resulting recommendation for genome nomenclature committees.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T22:30:52Z","timestamp":1429309852000},"page":"4055-4057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Nomenclature of Toso, Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule 3, and IgM FcR"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Kubagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaim O","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl S","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen 45147 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School , Hannover 30625 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tak","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre\/University Health Network, Toronto , Ontario M5T 2M9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"McAndrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mouse Genome Informatics, Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor, ME 04609"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Herbert C","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garry P","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences , Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnther H","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinderklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen , Munich 81664 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Seal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genome Organisation Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton , Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wiestner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E","family":"Coligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030706192012200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80551-8","article-title":"Toso, a cell surface, specific regulator of Fas-induced apoptosis in T cells","volume":"8","author":"Hitoshi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9618","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413609200","article-title":"The mouse cell surface protein TOSO regulates Fas\/Fas ligand-induced apoptosis through its binding to Fas-associated death domain","volume":"280","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02281.x","article-title":"CD25 blockade protects T cells from activation-induced cell death (AICD) via maintenance of TOSO expression","volume":"70","author":"Richter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091107","article-title":"Identity of the elusive IgM Fc receptor (FcmuR) in humans","volume":"206","author":"Kubagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp121","article-title":"Identification of TOSO\/FAIM3 as an Fc receptor for IgM","volume":"22","author":"Shima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-313643","article-title":"Toso regulates the balance between apoptotic and nonapoptotic death receptor signaling by facilitating RIP1 ubiquitination","volume":"118","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100532","article-title":"TOSO, the Fcmicro receptor, is highly expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells, internalizes upon IgM binding, shuttles to the lysosome, and is downregulated in response to TLR activation","volume":"187","author":"Vire","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-09-380782","article-title":"Is Toso an antiapoptotic protein or an Fc receptor for IgM?","volume":"119","author":"Honjo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-386839","article-title":"Antiapoptotic function of Toso (Faim3) in death receptor signaling","volume":"119","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200840","article-title":"Toso, a functional IgM receptor, is regulated by IL-2 in T and NK cells","volume":"189","author":"Murakami","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15882","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206567109","article-title":"Altered Ig levels and antibody responses in mice deficient for the Fc receptor for IgM (Fc\u03bcR)","volume":"109","author":"Honjo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210706109","article-title":"Critical role of the IgM Fc receptor in IgM homeostasis, B-cell survival, and humoral immune responses","volume":"109","author":"Ouchida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202227","article-title":"Mouse IgM Fc receptor, FCMR, promotes B cell development and modulates antigen-driven immune responses","volume":"190","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222264110","article-title":"Involvement of Toso in activation of monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes","volume":"110","author":"Lang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304904110","article-title":"Is Toso\/IgM Fc receptor (Fc\u03bcR) expressed by innate immune cells?","volume":"110","author":"Honjo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306422110","article-title":"Reply to Honjo et al.: Functional relevant expression of Toso on granulocytes","volume":"110","author":"Lang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323166111","article-title":"Toso controls encephalitogenic immune responses by dendritic cells and regulatory T cells","volume":"111","author":"Brenner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxu070","article-title":"Enhanced auto-antibody production and Mott cell formation in Fc\u03bcR-deficient autoimmune mice","volume":"26","author":"Honjo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.138","article-title":"Toso regulates differentiation and activation of inflammatory dendritic cells during persistence-prone virus infection","volume":"22","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-470906","article-title":"Fc\u03bcR (Toso\/Faim3) is not an inhibitor of Fas-mediated cell death in mouse T and B cells","volume":"121","author":"Ouchida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81299","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081299","article-title":"Complement-activating IgM enhances the humoral but not the T cell immune response in mice","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r22","first-page":"3","article-title":"The old but new IgM Fc receptor (Fc\u03bcR)","volume":"382","author":"Kubagawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1089\/mab.2014.0053","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies specific for human IgM Fc receptor inhibit ligand-binding activity","volume":"33","author":"Kubagawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Monoclon. Antib. Immunodiagn. Immunother."},{"key":"2025030706192012200_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401866","article-title":"Unique ligand-binding property of the human IgM Fc receptor","volume":"194","author":"Honjo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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