{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T23:25:37Z","timestamp":1789860337396,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nonclassical MHC class Ib\u2013restricted invariant T (iT) cell subsets are attracting interest because of their potential to regulate immune responses against various pathogens. The biological relevance and evolutionary conservation of iT cells have recently been strengthened by the identification of iT cells (invariant V\u03b16 [iV\u03b16]) restricted by the nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule XNC10 in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. These iV\u03b16 T cells are functionally similar to mammalian CD1d-restricted invariant NKT cells. Using the amphibian pathogen frog virus 3 (FV3) in combination with XNC10 tetramers and RNA interference loss of function by transgenesis, we show that XNC10-restricted iV\u03b16 T cells are critical for early antiviral immunity in adult X. laevis. Within hours following i.p. FV3 infection, iV\u03b16 T cells were specifically recruited from the spleen into the peritoneum. XNC10 deficiency and concomitant lack of iV\u03b16 T cells resulted in less effective antiviral and macrophage antimicrobial responses, which led to impaired viral clearance, increased viral dissemination, and more pronounced FV3-induced kidney damage. Together, these findings imply that X. laevis XNC10-restricted iV\u03b16 T cells play important roles in the early anti-FV3 response and that, as has been suggested for mammalian invariant NKT cells, they may serve as immune regulators polarizing macrophage effector functions toward more effective antiviral states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]],"date-time":"2015-06-11T07:27:56Z","timestamp":1434007676000},"page":"576-586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Nonclassical MHC-Restricted Invariant V\u03b16 T Cells Are Critical for Efficient Early Innate Antiviral Immunity in the Amphibian\n                    <i>Xenopus laevis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Eva-Stina","family":"Edholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Grayfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"De Jes\u00fas Andino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030703441001900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7538697","article-title":"CD1 recognition by mouse NK1+ T lymphocytes","volume":"268","author":"Bendelac","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030703441001900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.6.2091","article-title":"Positive selection of mouse NK1+ T cells by CD1-expressing cortical thymocytes","volume":"182","author":"Bendelac","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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