{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:24:01Z","timestamp":1792513441511,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immunological competence declines progressively with age, resulting in increased susceptibility of the elderly to infection and impaired responses to vaccines. Underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure as they have been related to complex, individual systemic immune properties that are challenging to investigate. In this study, we explored age-related changes in human immunity during a primary virus infection experimentally induced by immunization with live-attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine. Applying detailed serology, advanced FACS analysis, and systems biology, we discovered that aged subjects developed fewer neutralizing Abs, mounted diminished YF-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and showed quantitatively and qualitatively altered YF-specific CD4+ T cell immunity. Among numerous immune signatures, low in vivo numbers of naive CD4+ recent thymic emigrants and peripheral dendritic cells correlated well with reduced acute responsiveness and altered long-term persistence of human cellular immunity to YF vaccination. Hence, we reveal in this article that essential elements of immune responses such as recent thymic emigrants and dendritic cells strongly relate to productive immunity in the elderly, providing a conceivable explanation for diminished responsiveness to vaccination with neoantigens and infection with de novo pathogens in the aged population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T14:39:38Z","timestamp":1444747178000},"page":"4699-4711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Low Thymic Activity and Dendritic Cell Numbers Are Associated with the Immune Response to Primary Viral Infection in Elderly Humans"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5106-0148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel Ronald","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Immune Monitoring Core, German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin (a Leibniz Institute) , D-10117 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Nora","family":"M\u00e4lzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 \u2013 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"J\u00fcrchott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Biology of Infectious Diseases, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Gr\u00fctzkau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Monitoring Core, German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin (a Leibniz Institute) , D-10117 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Babel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5678-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikalai","family":"Nienen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Jelinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berlin Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine , 10117 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7965-4872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Niedrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 \u2013 Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum , 13353 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030704234794400_r1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Aging, immunity, and cancer","volume":"11","author":"Fulop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Discov. 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