{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:13:52Z","timestamp":1778688832949,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Chronic helminth infections are known to be associated with modulation of Ag-specific CD4+ T responses. However, the role of CD4+ T cell responses in human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis is not well defined. To examine the role of CD4+ T cells expressing Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in strongyloidiasis, we compared the frequency (Fo) of these subsets in infected (INF) individuals with Fo in S. stercoralis\u2013uninfected (UN) individuals. INF individuals exhibited a significant decrease in the spontaneous and Ag-specific Fo of both monofunctional and dual-functional Th1 cells compared with UN. Similarly, INF individuals also exhibited significantly decreased Fo of monofunctional and dual-functional Th17 cells upon Ag stimulation compared with UN. In contrast, both the spontaneous and the Ag-induced Fo of monofunctional and dual-functional Th2 cells was significantly increased in INF compared with UN individuals. This differential T cell response was predominantly Ag specific because it was abrogated upon control Ag or mitogen stimulation. The regulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells was predominantly dependent on IL-10, whereas the regulation of Th2, but not Th1 or Th17, cells was also dependent on TGF-\u03b2. In addition, treatment of S. stercoralis infection significantly increased the Ag-specific Fo of Th1 and Th17 cells and decreased the Fo of Th2 cells in INF individuals. Thus, S. stercoralis infection is characterized by a parasite Ag-dependent regulation of monofunctional and dual-functional Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, a regulation also reversible by antihelminthic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]],"date-time":"2015-07-23T01:59:44Z","timestamp":1437616784000},"page":"2241-2250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Parasite Antigen-Specific Regulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 Responses in <i>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Rajamanickam","family":"Anuradha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Munisankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandrakumar","family":"Dolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas B","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030704093236000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178334","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of helper CD4+ T cells","volume":"327","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030704093236000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2274","article-title":"T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design","volume":"8","author":"Seder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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