{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:43:32Z","timestamp":1783629812264,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Retinoic acid (RA) is a critical regulator of the intestinal adaptive immune response. However, the intrinsic impact of RA on B cell differentiation in the regulation of gut humoral immunity in vivo has never been directly shown. To address this issue, we have been able to generate a mouse model where B cells specifically express a dominant-negative receptor \u03b1 for RA. In this study, we show that the silencing of RA signaling in B cells reduces the numbers of IgA+ Ab-secreting cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that RA has a direct effect on IgA plasma cell differentiation. Moreover, the lack of RA signaling in B cells abrogates Ag-specific IgA responses after oral immunization and affects the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these results suggest that RA signaling in B cells through the RA receptor \u03b1 is important to generate an effective gut humoral response and to maintain a normal microbiota composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,11]],"date-time":"2015-07-11T02:16:18Z","timestamp":1436580978000},"page":"1368-1371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Cutting Edge: Retinoic Acid Signaling in B Cells Is Essential for Oral Immunization and Microflora Composition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Eirini","family":"Pantazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy\u2019s Hospital, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 9RT ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy\u2019s Hospital, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 9RT ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Stolarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 1UL ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Lycke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randolph J","family":"Noelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy\u2019s Hospital, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 9RT ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School and Norris Cotton Cancer Center , Lebanon, NH 03755"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Elgueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy\u2019s Hospital, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 9RT ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030704020876600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2378","article-title":"Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage","volume":"8","author":"Mora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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