{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:58:13Z","timestamp":1791262693145,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The function of mucosal dendritic cell (DC) subsets in immunity and inflammation is not well understood. In this study, we define four DC subsets present within the lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node compartments based on expression of CD103 and CD11b. Using IL-12p40 YFP (Yet40) reporter mice, we show that CD103+CD11b\u2212 mucosal DCs are primary in vivo sources of IL-12p40; we also identified CD103\u2212CD11b\u2212 mucosal DCs as a novel population producing this cytokine. Infection was preferentially found in CD11b+ DCs that were negative for CD103. Lamina propria DCs containing parasites were negative for IL-12p40. Instead, production of the cytokine was strictly a property of noninfected cells. We also show that vitamin A metabolism, as measured by ALDH activity, was preferentially found in CD103+CD11b+ DC and was strongly downregulated in all mucosal DC subsets during infection. Finally, overall apoptosis of lamina propria DC subsets was increased during infection. Combined, these results highlight the ability of intestinal Toxoplasma infection to alter mucosal DC activity at both the whole population level and at the level of individual subsets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]],"date-time":"2015-08-18T01:29:52Z","timestamp":1439861392000},"page":"2754-2762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Impact of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> on Dendritic Cell Subset Function in the Intestinal Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Sara B","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Y","family":"Denkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030704131223700_r1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Toxoplasma gondii The model apicomplexan: Perspective and methods","author":"Dubey","year":"2013","edition":"2nd Ed."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r2","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Toxoplasma gondii The Model Apicomplexan: Perspectives and Methods","author":"McLeod","year":"2013","edition":"2nd Ed."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r3","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the fetus and newborn infant","author":"Remington","year":"2001","edition":"3rd Ed."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101","article-title":"Foodborne illness acquired in the United States--major pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Scallan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.25","article-title":"Border maneuvers: deployment of mucosal immune defenses against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2011.93","article-title":"Insights into inflammatory bowel disease using Toxoplasma gondii as an infectious trigger","volume":"90","author":"Egan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003706","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003706","article-title":"CXCR3-dependent CD4\u207a T cells are required to activate inflammatory monocytes for defense against intestinal infection","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.019","article-title":"Gr1(+) inflammatory monocytes are required for mucosal resistance to the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"29","author":"Dunay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41594","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041594","article-title":"Inflammation drives dysbiosis and bacterial invasion in murine models of ileal Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Craven","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8785","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.12.8785","article-title":"Gram-negative bacteria aggravate murine small intestinal Th1-type immunopathology following oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"177","author":"Heimesaat","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.001","article-title":"Decrease of Foxp3+ Treg cell number and acquisition of effector cell phenotype during lethal infection","volume":"31","author":"Oldenhove","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.11.001","article-title":"Neutrophils, dendritic cells and Toxoplasma","volume":"34","author":"Denkers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01015.x","article-title":"Dendritic cell control of tolerogenic responses","volume":"241","author":"Manicassamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.31","article-title":"Cutting edge: dendritic cells are essential for in vivo IL-12 production and development of resistance against Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice","volume":"177","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.08.008","article-title":"CD8\u03b1(+) dendritic cells are the critical source of interleukin-12 that controls acute infection by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites","volume":"35","author":"Mashayekhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4818","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301301","article-title":"Cooperation of TLR12 and TLR11 in the IRF8-dependent IL-12 response to Toxoplasma gondii profilin","volume":"191","author":"Raetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3149","article-title":"Transcriptional programming of the dendritic cell network","volume":"12","author":"Belz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2467","article-title":"Re(de)fining the dendritic cell lineage","volume":"13","author":"Satpathy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2370","article-title":"Deciphering the transcriptional network of the dendritic cell lineage","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.03.009","article-title":"IRF4 transcription-factor-dependent CD103(+)CD11b(+) dendritic cells drive mucosal T helper 17 cell differentiation","volume":"38","author":"Persson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402453","article-title":"Beta-catenin signaling drives differentiation and proinflammatory function of IRF8-dependent dendritic cells","volume":"194","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20112675","article-title":"Expression of the zinc finger transcription factor zDC (Zbtb46, Btbd4) defines the classical dendritic cell lineage","volume":"209","author":"Meredith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120030","article-title":"Zbtb46 expression distinguishes classical dendritic cells and their committed progenitors from other immune lineages","volume":"209","author":"Satpathy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00870.x","article-title":"The CD8+ dendritic cell subset","volume":"234","author":"Shortman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070590","article-title":"A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-beta and retinoic acid-dependent mechanism","volume":"204","author":"Coombes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070602","article-title":"Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid","volume":"204","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.2193","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites inhibit proinflammatory cytokine induction in infected macrophages by preventing nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B","volume":"167","author":"Butcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343740","article-title":"Dendritic cell subsets in the intestinal lamina propria: ontogeny and function","volume":"43","author":"Persson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109893","article-title":"TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein","volume":"308","author":"Yarovinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.4.2081","article-title":"Murine neutrophil stimulation by Toxoplasma gondii antigen drives high level production of IFN-\u03b3-independent IL-12","volume":"163","author":"Bliss","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.40","article-title":"Lymph-borne CD8\u03b1+ dendritic cells are uniquely able to cross-prime CD8+ T cells with antigen acquired from intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Cerovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.11.1819","article-title":"In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12 by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T cell areas","volume":"186","author":"Reis e Sousa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1088","article-title":"Essential role for ICSBP in the in vivo development of murine CD8alpha + dendritic cells","volume":"101","author":"Aliberti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.70","article-title":"CCR2(+)CD103(-) intestinal dendritic cells develop from DC-committed precursors and induce interleukin-17 production by T cells","volume":"8","author":"Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2795","article-title":"Transcriptional programming of dendritic cells for enhanced MHC class II antigen presentation","volume":"15","author":"Vander Lugt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2632","article-title":"Functional inactivation of immature dendritic cells by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"173","author":"McKee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.171025","article-title":"UNC93B1 is essential for TLR11 activation and IL-12-dependent host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"286","author":"Pifer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100717","article-title":"Strain-specific activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by GRA15, a novel Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein","volume":"208","author":"Rosowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004047","article-title":"Parasite fate and involvement of infected cells in the induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"Dupont","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1995.45","article-title":"Tissue expression, structure and function of the murine Ly-6 family of molecules","volume":"73","author":"Gumley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2008.07.007","article-title":"Retinoic acid-dependent regulation of immune responses by dendritic cells and macrophages","volume":"21","author":"Manicassamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100769","article-title":"Microbial infection-induced expansion of effector T cells overcomes the suppressive effects of regulatory T cells via an IL-2 deprivation mechanism","volume":"188","author":"Benson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp003","article-title":"GM-CSF and IL-4 synergistically trigger dendritic cells to acquire retinoic acid-producing capacity","volume":"21","author":"Yokota","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05714.x","article-title":"Suicide prevention: disruption of apoptotic pathways by protozoan parasites","volume":"64","author":"Carmen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.902","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 overproduction and high level apoptosis are associated with high but not low virulence Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"167","author":"Gavrilescu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4682","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4682-4689.1997","article-title":"Gamma interferon induces Fas-dependent apoptosis of Peyer\u2019s patch T cells in mice following peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"65","author":"Liesenfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r47","first-page":"219","article-title":"Apoptosis and its modulation during infection with Toxoplasma gondii: molecular mechanisms and role in pathogenesis","volume":"289","author":"L\u00fcder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12194","article-title":"Intestinal dendritic cells in the regulation of mucosal immunity","volume":"260","author":"Bekiaris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.04.016","article-title":"Development and function of dendritic cell subsets","volume":"40","author":"Mildner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.013","article-title":"Interleukin-15-dependent NKp46 innate lymphoid cells control intestinal inflammation by recruiting inflammatory monocytes","volume":"37","author":"Schulthess","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002701","article-title":"Functional specializations of intestinal dendritic cell and macrophage subsets that control Th17 and regulatory T cell responses are dependent on the T cell\/APC ratio, source of mouse strain, and regional localization","volume":"187","author":"Denning","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6287","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1004036","article-title":"A new subset of CD103+CD8alpha+ dendritic cells in the small intestine expresses TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 and induces Th1 response and CTL activity","volume":"186","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.53","article-title":"Intestinal CD103(-) dendritic cells migrate in lymph and prime effector T cells","volume":"6","author":"Cerovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091627","article-title":"Peripheral CD103+ dendritic cells form a unified subset developmentally related to CD8alpha+ conventional dendritic cells","volume":"207","author":"Edelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.163","article-title":"Id2 expression delineates differential checkpoints in the genetic program of CD8\u03b1+ and CD103+ dendritic cell lineages","volume":"30","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3470","article-title":"Specificity through cooperation: BATF-IRF interactions control immune-regulatory networks","volume":"13","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4056","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01643-14","article-title":"The use of transgenic parasites and host reporters to dissect the events that promote IL-12 production during toxoplasmosis","volume":"82","author":"Christian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130103","article-title":"A Toxoplasma dense granule protein, GRA24, modulates the early immune response to infection by promoting a direct and sustained host p38 MAPK activation","volume":"210","author":"Braun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.597","article-title":"Association of CD4+ T cell-dependent, interferon-\u03b3-mediated necrosis of the small intestine with genetic susceptibility of mice to peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"184","author":"Liesenfeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12164","article-title":"The gut mucosal immune response to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"37","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00833-08","article-title":"Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii from infected dendritic cells to natural killer cells","volume":"77","author":"Persson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030704131223700_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8357","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8357","article-title":"Death receptor ligation or exposure to perforin trigger rapid egress of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"179","author":"Persson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/195\/6\/2754\/61504914\/1501137.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/195\/6\/2754\/61504914\/1501137.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T04:28:48Z","timestamp":1741321728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/195\/6\/2754\/7961584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1501137","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}}}