{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:29:34Z","timestamp":1790206174974,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypical autoimmune disease that is among the few for which the target Ag and the pathogenic autoantibodies are clearly defined. The pathology of the disease is affected by autoantibodies directed toward the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Mature, Ag-experienced B cells rely on the action of Th cells to produce these pathogenic Abs. The phenotype of the MG Ag-reactive T cell compartment is not well defined; thus, we sought to determine whether such cells exhibit both a proinflammatory and a pathogenic phenotype. A novel T cell library assay that affords multiparameter interrogation of rare Ag-reactive CD4+ T cells was applied. Proliferation and cytokine production in response to both AChR and control Ags were measured from 3120 T cell libraries derived from 11 MG patients and paired healthy control subjects. The frequency of CCR6+ memory T cells from MG patients proliferating in response to AChR-derived peptides was significantly higher than that of healthy control subjects. Production of both IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17, in response to AChR, was also restricted to the CCR6+ memory T cell compartment in the MG cohort, indicating a proinflammatory phenotype. These T cells also included an elevated expression of GM-CSF and absence of IL-10 expression, indicating a proinflammatory and pathogenic phenotype. This component of the autoimmune response in MG is of particular importance when considering the durability of MG treatment strategies that eliminate B cells, because the autoreactive T cells could renew autoimmunity in the reconstituted B cell compartment with ensuing clinical manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,30]],"date-time":"2016-01-30T03:33:53Z","timestamp":1454124833000},"page":"2075-2084","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Autoreactive T Cells from Patients with Myasthenia Gravis Are Characterized by Elevated IL-17, IFN-\u03b3, and GM-CSF and Diminished IL-10 Production"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1350-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghao","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511"},{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Amezquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven H","family":"Kleinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panos","family":"Stathopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030702140481500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6717","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2000.01785.x","article-title":"Molecular targets for autoimmune and genetic disorders of neuromuscular transmission","volume":"267","author":"Vincent","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199304000-00004","article-title":"Clinical neurophysiology of disorders of the neuromuscular junction","volume":"10","author":"Sanders","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328364c079","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and the neuromuscular junction","volume":"26","author":"Querol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.144.3.739","article-title":"Pathological mechanisms in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. II. Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats with anti-acetylcholine recepotr antibodies","volume":"144","author":"Lindstrom","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18027.x","article-title":"Primary structure of the human muscle acetylcholine receptor. cDNA cloning of the gamma and epsilon subunits","volume":"215","author":"Beeson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1998.tb07324.x","article-title":"The B-cell repertoire in myasthenia gravis includes all four acetylcholine receptor subunits","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.1.188","article-title":"Specificities of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in sera from myasthenia gravis patients measured by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"79","author":"Tzartos","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r8","first-page":"82","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptor antibody in myasthenia gravis: predominance of IgG subclasses 1 and 3","volume":"67","author":"R\u00f8dgaard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12163","article-title":"Pathogenic immune mechanisms at the neuromuscular synapse: the role of specific antibody-binding epitopes in myasthenia gravis","volume":"275","author":"Huijbers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.01.025","article-title":"Passive and active immunization models of MuSK-Ab positive myasthenia: electrophysiological evidence for pre and postsynaptic defects","volume":"234","author":"Viegas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.3.282","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: passive transfer to mice of antibody to human and mouse acetylcholine receptor","volume":"31","author":"Oda","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880090404","article-title":"Effector mechanisms in myasthenia gravis: end-plate function after passive transfer of IgG, Fab, and F(ab\u2019)2 hybrid molecules","volume":"9","author":"Sterz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/9.9.1311","article-title":"Diverse Fab specific for acetylcholine receptor epitopes from a myasthenia gravis thymus combinatorial library","volume":"9","author":"Farrar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(95)00101-8","article-title":"Evidence for an antigen-driven selection process in human autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor","volume":"32","author":"Cardona","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/310244a0","article-title":"Autoimmune human T lymphocytes specific for acetylcholine receptor","volume":"310","author":"Hohlfeld","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116610","article-title":"T helper cell recognition of muscle acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. Epitopes on the gamma and delta subunits","volume":"92","author":"Manfredi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00250-2","article-title":"T cell recognition of muscle acetylcholine receptor in ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.09.017","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis patients, but not healthy subjects, recognize epitopes that are unique to the epsilon-subunit of the acetylcholine receptor","volume":"159","author":"Ragheb","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117050","article-title":"Epitopes on the beta subunit of human muscle acetylcholine receptor recognized by CD4+ cells of myasthenia gravis patients and healthy subjects","volume":"93","author":"Moiola","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.1045","article-title":"T-cell recognition of muscle acetylcholine receptor subunits in generalized and ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00146-5","article-title":"CD4+ T cell repertoire on the epsilon subunit of muscle acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.09.012","article-title":"Impaired regulatory function in circulating CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low\/-) T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"145","author":"Thiruppathi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.015","article-title":"Both Treg cells and Tconv cells are defective in the Myasthenia gravis thymus: roles of IL-17 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"52","author":"Gradolatto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04143.x","article-title":"T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"162","author":"Fletcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710","article-title":"IL-17 and Th17 Cells","volume":"27","author":"Korn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.03.004","article-title":"The biological functions of T helper 17 cell effector cytokines in inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Ouyang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14292","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009234107","article-title":"Proinflammatory T helper type 17 cells are effective B-cell helpers","volume":"107","author":"Mitsdoerffer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23651","article-title":"Aquaporin 4-specific T cells in neuromyelitis optica exhibit a Th17 bias and recognize Clostridium ABC transporter","volume":"72","author":"Varrin-Doyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2014.154","article-title":"STAT5 programs a distinct subset of GM-CSF-producing T helper cells that is essential for autoimmune neuroinflammation","volume":"24","author":"Sheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2027","article-title":"ROR\u03b3t drives production of the cytokine GM-CSF in helper T cells, which is essential for the effector phase of autoimmune neuroinflammation","volume":"12","author":"Codarri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2031","article-title":"The encephalitogenicity of T(H)17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23-induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF","volume":"12","author":"El-Behi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031819","article-title":"Loss of T-bet, but not STAT1, prevents the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"200","author":"Bettelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09447","article-title":"Generation of pathogenic T(H)17 cells in the absence of TGF-\u03b2 signalling","volume":"467","author":"Ghoreschi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2416","article-title":"Induction and molecular signature of pathogenic TH17 cells","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1168","article-title":"Antigen-specific dependence of Tr1-cell therapy in preclinical models of islet transplant","volume":"59","author":"Gagliani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3252","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29251","article-title":"Alterations in CD46-mediated Tr1 regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"116","author":"Astier","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182407982","article-title":"Long-lasting treatment effect of rituximab in MuSK myasthenia","volume":"78","author":"D\u00edaz-Manera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285611411503","article-title":"Response of patients with refractory myasthenia gravis to rituximab: a retrospective study","volume":"4","author":"Nowak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disorder."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090504","article-title":"Human naive and memory CD4+ T cell repertoires specific for naturally processed antigens analyzed using libraries of amplified T cells","volume":"206","author":"Geiger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113807","article-title":"In vitro proliferative responses and antibody titers specific to human acetylcholine receptor synthetic peptides in patients with myasthenia gravis and relation to HLA class II genes","volume":"82","author":"Brocke","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1992.tb01940.x","article-title":"HLA-DR typing by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 2 hours: an alternative to serological DR typing in clinical practice including donor-recipient matching in cadaveric transplantation","volume":"39","author":"Olerup","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.1999.530505.x","article-title":"Sequencing of HLA class II genes based on the conserved diversity of the non-coding regions: sequencing based typing of HLA-DRB genes","volume":"53","author":"Kotsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10957","article-title":"Pathogen-induced human TH17 cells produce IFN-\u03b3 or IL-10 and are regulated by IL-1\u03b2","volume":"484","author":"Zielinski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287ra74","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa8038","article-title":"Functional inflammatory profiles distinguish myelin-reactive T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.3.484","article-title":"Myasthenia in SCID mice grafted with myasthenic patient lymphocytes: role of CD4+ and CD8+ cells","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4103","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of myasthenia gravis","volume":"72","author":"Renton","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.10.010","article-title":"GM-CSF-induced regulatory T cells selectively inhibit anti-acetylcholine receptor-specific immune responses in experimental myasthenia gravis","volume":"240-241","author":"Sheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5656","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903183","article-title":"Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells prevent but do not improve experimental myasthenia gravis","volume":"185","author":"Nessi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939792","article-title":"Expansion of regulatory T cells via IL-2\/anti-IL-2 mAb complexes suppresses experimental myasthenia","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031579","article-title":"Loss of functional suppression by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"199","author":"Viglietta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.1.92","article-title":"Defective suppressor function in CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells from patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Lindley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.164","article-title":"Dysfunctional blood and target tissue CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in psoriasis: mechanism underlying unrestrained pathogenic effector T cell proliferation","volume":"174","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3900","article-title":"Functional defect of regulatory CD4(+)CD25+ T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"105","author":"Balandina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123546","article-title":"Differential Cytokine Changes in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis with Antibodies against AChR and MuSK","volume":"10","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.03.016","article-title":"Clinical implication of peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"225","author":"Masuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001543","article-title":"Increased frequencies of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein\/MHC class II-binding CD4 cells in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"187","author":"Raddassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R63","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8476","article-title":"MHC class II tetramers identify peptide-specific human CD4(+) T cells proliferating in response to influenza A antigen","volume":"104","author":"Novak","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102398","article-title":"MHC class II tetramers","volume":"188","author":"Nepom","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445064","article-title":"IL-17-producing CD4 T cells contribute to the loss of B-cell tolerance in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"45","author":"Schaffert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.15.7000","article-title":"Inhibition of T-cell reactivity to myasthenogenic epitopes of the human acetylcholine receptor by synthetic analogs","volume":"90","author":"Katz-Levy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.01.007","article-title":"Regulatory T cells: development, function and role in autoimmunity","volume":"4","author":"Lan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.011","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive review of immune dysregulation and etiological mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Berrih-Aknin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0203","article-title":"Clinical Features and Diagnostic Usefulness of Antibodies to Clustered Acetylcholine Receptors in the Diagnosis of Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis","volume":"72","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Cruz","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6.1638","article-title":"Reactivity of T cells from seronegative patients with myasthenia gravis to T cell epitopes of the human acetylcholine receptor","volume":"48","author":"Karni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00319736","article-title":"The thymus in seronegative myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"238","author":"Willcox","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030702140481500_r66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.25","article-title":"Late-onset myasthenia gravis: a changing scene","volume":"56","author":"Aarli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/196\/5\/2075\/62255763\/1501339.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/196\/5\/2075\/62255763\/1501339.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T02:25:57Z","timestamp":1741314357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/196\/5\/2075\/7974296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1501339","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}}}