{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:59:07Z","timestamp":1791806347890,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, life-threatening autoimmune disorder, leading to multiple organ pathologies and kidney destruction. Analyses of numerous murine models of spontaneous SLE have revealed a critical role for endosomal TLRs in the production of autoantibodies and development of other clinical disease manifestations. Nevertheless, the corresponding TLR9-deficient autoimmune-prone strains consistently develop more severe disease pathology. Injection of BALB\/c mice with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD), commonly known as pristane, also results in the development of SLE-like disease. We now show that Tlr9\u2212\/\u2212 BALB\/c mice injected i.p. with TMPD develop more severe autoimmunity than do their TLR-sufficient cohorts. Early indications include an increased accumulation of TLR7-expressing Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes at the site of injection, upregulation of IFN-regulated gene expression in the peritoneal cavity, and an increased production of myeloid lineage precursors (common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte myeloid precursors) in the bone marrow. TMPD-injected Tlr9\u2212\/\u2212 BALB\/c mice develop higher autoantibody titers against RNA, neutrophil cytoplasmic Ags, and myeloperoxidase than do TMPD-injected wild-type BALB\/c mice. The TMP-injected Tlr9\u2212\/\u2212 mice, and not the wild-type mice, also develop a marked increase in glomerular IgG deposition and infiltrating granulocytes, much more severe glomerulonephritis, and a reduced lifespan. Collectively, the data point to a major role for TLR7 in the response to self-antigens in this model of experimental autoimmunity. Therefore, the BALB\/c pristane model recapitulates other TLR7-driven spontaneous models of SLE and is negatively regulated by TLR9.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T04:44:59Z","timestamp":1467175499000},"page":"1044-1053","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["TLR9 Deficiency Leads to Accelerated Renal Disease and Myeloid Lineage Abnormalities in Pristane-Induced Murine Lupus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Bossaller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , 30625 Hannover,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0829-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anette","family":"Christ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"},{"name":"Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn , 53217 Bonn,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2856-8602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Pelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn , 53217 Bonn,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"N\u00fcndel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping-I","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3450-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , 30625 Hannover,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4531-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Busto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1286-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon G","family":"Bonegio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center , Boston, MA 021184"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhold Ernst","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eicke","family":"Latz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"},{"name":"Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn , 53217 Bonn,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Marshak-Rothstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030617472587900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2009.06.003","article-title":"Induction of autoimmunity by pristane and other naturally occurring hydrocarbons","volume":"30","author":"Reeves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617472587900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4807","article-title":"Vaccination-induced systemic autoimmunity in farmed Atlantic salmon","volume":"181","author":"Koppang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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