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In this study, we compared different adjuvants and identified triphosphate RNA (3pRNA) as especially effective at inducing CTL responses. 3pRNA sensing required IPS-1\/MAVS signaling and induced type I IFN in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and macrophages, with the latter being more important for the adjuvant effect. Type I IFN acted on CD11c+ cells, especially on CD8\u03b1+ Batf3-dependent dendritic cells. Vaccination with OVA in combination with 3pRNA protected mice from a subsequent OVA-encoding adenovirus infection in a CD8+ cell\u2013dependent manner and more efficiently than other adjuvants. In summary, 3pRNA is a superior adjuvant for CTL activation and might be useful to facilitate antiviral immunization strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T02:53:59Z","timestamp":1453949639000},"page":"2439-2443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Cutting Edge: The RIG-I Ligand 3pRNA Potently Improves CTL Cross-Priming and Facilitates Antiviral Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Hochheiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University , Bonn 53105 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-6879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University , Bonn 53105 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Gottschalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University , Bonn 53105 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Hoss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University , Bonn 53105 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9707-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Scheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of D\u00fcsseldorf , D\u00fcsseldorf 40225 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0815-6750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Coch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology , Bonn 53127 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology , Bonn 53127 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6620-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Kurts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University , Bonn 53105 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030702145562500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1159\/000086657","article-title":"TLR signalling and the function of dendritic cells","volume":"86","author":"Hemmi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. 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