{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:28:01Z","timestamp":1778138881034,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although intra-amniotic infection is a recognized cause of spontaneous preterm labor, the noninfection-related etiologies are poorly understood. In this article, we demonstrated that the expansion of activated CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in the third trimester by administration of \u03b1-galactosylceramide (\u03b1-GalCer) induced late PTB and neonatal mortality. In vivo imaging revealed that fetuses from mice that underwent \u03b1-GalCer\u2013induced late PTB had bradycardia and died shortly after delivery. Yet, administration of \u03b1-GalCer in the second trimester did not cause pregnancy loss. Peroxisome proliferator\u2013activated receptor (PPAR)\u03b3 activation, through rosiglitazone treatment, reduced the rate of \u03b1-GalCer\u2013induced late PTB and improved neonatal survival. Administration of \u03b1-GalCer in the third trimester suppressed PPAR\u03b3 activation, as shown by the downregulation of Fabp4 and Fatp4 in myometrial and decidual tissues, respectively; this suppression was rescued by rosiglitazone treatment. Administration of \u03b1-GalCer in the third trimester induced an increase in the activation of conventional CD4+ T cells in myometrial tissues and the infiltration of activated macrophages, neutrophils, and mature dendritic cells to myometrial and\/or decidual tissues. All of these effects were blunted after rosiglitazone treatment. Administration of \u03b1-GalCer also upregulated the expression of inflammatory genes at the maternal\u2013fetal interface and systemically, and rosiglitazone treatment partially attenuated these responses. Finally, an increased infiltration of activated iNKT-like cells in human decidual tissues is associated with noninfection-related preterm labor\/birth. Collectively, these results demonstrate that iNKT cell activation in vivo leads to late PTB by initiating innate and adaptive immune responses and suggest that the PPAR\u03b3 pathway has potential as a target for prevention of this syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T03:29:06Z","timestamp":1452137346000},"page":"1044-1059","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Invariant NKT Cell Activation Induces Late Preterm Birth That Is Attenuated by Rosiglitazone"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Derek","family":"St. Louis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI 48201"},{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health\/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Bethesda, MD 20892 and Detroit, MI 48201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4448-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health\/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Bethesda, MD 20892 and Detroit, MI 48201"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48825"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI 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48201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Bhatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI 48201"},{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health\/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Bethesda, MD 20892 and Detroit, MI 48201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1411-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing-Sheng","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System , Detroit, MI 48202"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System , Detroit, MI 48202"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State 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Human Development, National Institutes of Health\/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Bethesda, MD 20892 and Detroit, MI 48201"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI 48201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030702125286100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis","volume":"385","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025030702125286100_r2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2013","volume":"64","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl. 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