{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:19:38Z","timestamp":1792037978846,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Decidual macrophages are implicated in the local inflammatory response that accompanies spontaneous preterm labor\/birth; however, their role is poorly understood. We hypothesized that decidual macrophages undergo a proinflammatory (M1) polarization during spontaneous preterm labor and that PPAR\u03b3 activation via rosiglitazone (RSG) would attenuate the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, preventing preterm birth. In this study, we show that: 1) decidual macrophages undergo an M1-like polarization during spontaneous term and preterm labor; 2) anti-inflammatory (M2)-like macrophages are more abundant than M1-like macrophages in decidual tissue; 3) decidual M2-like macrophages are reduced in preterm pregnancies compared with term pregnancies, regardless of the presence of labor; 4) decidual macrophages express high levels of TNF and IL-12 but low levels of peroxisome proliferator\u2013activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) during spontaneous preterm labor; 5) decidual macrophages from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor display plasticity by M1\u2194M2 polarization in vitro; 6) incubation with RSG reduces the expression of TNF and IL-12 in decidual macrophages from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor; and 7) treatment with RSG reduces the rate of LPS-induced preterm birth and improves neonatal outcomes by reducing the systemic proinflammatory response and downregulating mRNA and protein expression of NF-\u03baB, TNF, and IL-10 in decidual and myometrial macrophages in C57BL\/6J mice. In summary, we demonstrated that decidual M1-like macrophages are associated with spontaneous preterm labor and that PPAR\u03b3 activation via RSG can attenuate the macrophage-mediated proinflammatory response, preventing preterm birth and improving neonatal outcomes. These findings suggest that the PPAR\u03b3 pathway is a new molecular target for future preventative strategies for spontaneous preterm labor\/birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T23:13:56Z","timestamp":1455750836000},"page":"2476-2491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["An M1-like Macrophage Polarization in Decidual Tissue during Spontaneous Preterm Labor That Is Attenuated by Rosiglitazone Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health\/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Bethesda, MD 20892 and Detroit, MI 48201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4448-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health\/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Bethesda, MD 20892 and Detroit, MI 48201"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48825"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI 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