{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:56:40Z","timestamp":1791356200473,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>T cells provide protective immunity against infections by differentiating into effector cells that contribute to rapid pathogen control and by forming memory populations that survive over time and confer long-term protection. Thus, understanding the factors that regulate the development of effective T cell responses is beneficial for the design of vaccines and immune-based therapies against infectious diseases. Cytokines play important roles in shaping T cell responses, and IL-10 has been shown to modulate the differentiation of CD4 and CD8 T cells. In this study, we report that IL-10 functions in a cell-extrinsic manner early following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection to suppress the magnitude of effector Th1 responses as well as the generation of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. We further demonstrate that the blockade of IL-10 signaling during the priming phase refines the functional quality of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. This inhibition strategy resulted in a lower frequency of virus-specific follicular Th (Tfh) cells and increased the Th1 to Tfh ratio. Nevertheless, neither germinal center B cells nor lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus\u2013specific Ab levels were influenced by the blockade. Thus, our studies show that IL-10 influences the balance between Th1 and Tfh cell differentiation and negatively regulates the development of functionally mature memory T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T06:34:49Z","timestamp":1468305289000},"page":"1308-1321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["IL-10 Regulates Memory T Cell Development and the Balance between Th1 and Follicular Th Cell Responses during an Acute Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah B","family":"Mollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie E","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan J","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030617473585500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101312","article-title":"Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease","volume":"29","author":"Ouyang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. 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