{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:13:26Z","timestamp":1779351206866,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to be the major APCs with potent activity for priming of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. However, T cell priming can also be achieved by other APCs including macrophages, B cells, or even nonhematopoietic cell types. Systemic low-dose infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) results in massive expansion of virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. To determine the role of DCs as APCs and source of type I IFNs in this infection model, we used \u0394DC mice in which DCs are constitutively ablated because of expression of the diphtheria toxin \u03b1 subunit within developing DCs. \u0394DC mice showed lower serum concentrations of IFN-\u03b2 and IL-12p40, but normal IFN-\u03b1 levels during the first days postinfection. No differences were found for proliferation of transferred TCR-transgenic cells during the early phase of infection, suggesting that T cell priming occurred with the same efficiency in wild-type and \u0394DC mice. Expansion and cytokine expression of endogenous LCMV-specific T cells was comparable between wild-type and \u0394DC mice during primary infection and upon rechallenge of memory mice. In both strains of infected mice the viral load was reduced below the limit of detection with the same kinetic. Further, germinal center formation and LCMV-specific Ab responses were not impaired in \u0394DC mice. This indicates that DCs are dispensable as APCs for protective immunity against LCMV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T02:38:55Z","timestamp":1471919935000},"page":"2780-2786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dendritic Cells Are Dispensable for T Cell Priming and Control of Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"197","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8761-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelia","family":"Hilpert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91054 Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selina","family":"Sitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91054 Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Matthies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91054 Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Voehringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91054 Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030617534223700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4020283","article-title":"Human hemorrhagic fever causing arenaviruses: molecular mechanisms contributing to virus virulence and disease pathogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Shao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.8.4911-4927.2003","article-title":"Viral persistence alters CD8 T-cell immunodominance and tissue distribution and results in distinct stages of functional impairment","volume":"77","author":"Wherry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.207","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and their role in immunological protection and pathogenesis in vivo","volume":"14","author":"K\u00e4gi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6874","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.6874","article-title":"A critical role for neutralizing-antibody-producing B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and interferons in persistent and acute infections of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: implications for adoptive immunotherapy of virus carriers","volume":"94","author":"Planz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636824","article-title":"Priming of CD8+ T cell responses by pathogens typically depends on CD70-mediated interactions with dendritic cells","volume":"37","author":"Schildknecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.4.1839","article-title":"Protective antiviral cytotoxic T cell memory is most efficiently maintained by restimulation via dendritic cells","volume":"163","author":"Ludewig","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00171-10","article-title":"Dendritic cell-specific antigen delivery by coronavirus vaccine vectors induces long-lasting protective antiviral and antitumor immunity","volume-title":"MBio","author":"Cervantes-Barragan","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00120-1","article-title":"Inducible transgenic mice reveal resting dendritic cells as potent inducers of CD8+ T cell tolerance","volume":"18","author":"Probst","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142275","article-title":"Antigen amount dictates CD8+ T-cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection irrespective of the type of antigen presenting cell","volume":"42","author":"Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.3920","article-title":"Priming of CTLs by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus depends on dendritic cells","volume":"174","author":"Probst","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02868.x","article-title":"Histological analysis of CD11c-DTR\/GFP mice after in vivo depletion of dendritic cells","volume":"141","author":"Probst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423356112","article-title":"CD169+ macrophages are sufficient for priming of CTLs with specificities left out by cross-priming dendritic cells","volume":"112","author":"Bernhard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271023","article-title":"Crucial role of marginal zone macrophages and marginal zone metallophils in the clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","volume":"27","author":"Seiler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082394","article-title":"Constitutive ablation of dendritic cells breaks self-tolerance of CD4 T cells and results in spontaneous fatal autoimmunity","volume":"206","author":"Ohnmacht","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/342559a0","article-title":"Tolerance induction in double specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice varies with antigen","volume":"342","author":"Pircher","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199801)28:01<390::AID-IMMU390>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Virus-specific MHC-class II-restricted TCR-transgenic mice: effects on humoral and cellular immune responses after viral infection","volume":"28","author":"Oxenius","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.1.27","article-title":"Cutting edge: rapid in vivo killing by memory CD8 T cells","volume":"171","author":"Barber","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324087","article-title":"Myeloid marker expression on antiviral CD8+ T cells following an acute virus infection","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301440","article-title":"Conventional but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells foster the systemic virus-induced type I IFN response needed for efficient CD8 T cell priming","volume":"193","author":"Hervas-Stubbs","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.003","article-title":"Timing and magnitude of type I interferon responses by distinct sensors impact CD8 T cell exhaustion and chronic viral infection","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117359109","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control T-cell response to chronic viral infection","volume":"109","author":"Cervantes-Barragan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01798.x","article-title":"Studies on the role of mononuclear phagocytes in resistance to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","volume":"18","author":"Thomsen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2004.02.006","article-title":"Role of T cell costimulation in anti-viral immunity","volume":"16","author":"Bertram","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80308-8","article-title":"Duration of TCR stimulation determines costimulatory requirement of T cells","volume":"5","author":"K\u00fcndig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.9.4733","article-title":"Deficient CD4+ T cell priming and regression of CD8+ T cell functionality in virus-infected mice lacking a normal B cell compartment","volume":"171","author":"Christensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802501","article-title":"Requirement of B cells for generating CD4+ T cell memory","volume":"182","author":"Whitmire","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301284","article-title":"B cell antigen presentation in the initiation of follicular helper T cell and germinal center differentiation","volume":"192","author":"Barnett","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7761853","article-title":"Fibroblasts as efficient antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid organs","volume":"268","author":"K\u00fcndig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.8.1135","article-title":"Requirements for bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells in priming cytotoxic T cell responses to intracellular pathogens","volume":"192","author":"Lenz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030617534223700_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.034","article-title":"Antigen availability determines CD8\u207a T cell-dendritic cell interaction kinetics and memory fate decisions","volume":"39","author":"Henrickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/197\/7\/2780\/61581386\/1502582.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/197\/7\/2780\/61581386\/1502582.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T19:09:08Z","timestamp":1741288148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/197\/7\/2780\/7974687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1502582","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}}}