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Although neural crest (NC) cells contribute to the development of all the three, their function in BM is not well understood. In this study, NC-derived cells were ablated with diphtheria toxin in double-transgenic mice expressing NC-specific Cre and Cre-driven diphtheria toxin receptor with yellow fluorescent protein reporter. We found that yellow fluorescent protein\u2013expressing, NC-derived nonhematopoietic cells in BM expressed hematopoietic factors Cxcl12 and stem cell factor. The ablation of NC-derived cells led to a significant decrease in B cell progenitors but not in hematopoietic stem cells or myeloid lineage cells in BM. Interestingly, plasma noradrenaline was markedly decreased in these mice. The i.p. administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a known neurotoxin for noradrenergic neurons, led to a similar phenotype, whereas the administration of a noradrenaline precursor in NC-ablated mice partially rescued this phenotype. Additionally, the continuous administration of adrenergic receptor \u03b2 antagonists partially decreased the number of B cell progenitors while preserving B lymphopoiesis in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that NC-derived cell depletion leads to abnormal B lymphopoiesis partially through decreased plasma noradrenaline, suggesting this as a novel mechanism regulated by molecules released by the sympathetic neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T03:00:22Z","timestamp":1479783622000},"page":"156-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Depletion of Neural Crest\u2013Derived Cells Leads to Reduction in Plasma Noradrenaline and Alters B Lymphopoiesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Tsunokuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Mie 514-8507,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Yamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Mie 514-8507,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6505-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiaki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Mie 514-8507,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0075-5871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motokazu","family":"Tsuneto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Mie 514-8507,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Isono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Mie 514-8507,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Imanaka-Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Mie 514-8507,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Mie 514-8507,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030614572221000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12984","article-title":"The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic stem cells","volume":"505","author":"Morrison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030614572221000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.000551","article-title":"Cells and molecules that regulate B lymphopoiesis in bone marrow","volume":"7","author":"Kincade","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annu. 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