{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:28:04Z","timestamp":1773300484075,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Intact, inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae [including the unencapsulated S. pneumoniae, serotype 2 strain (R36A)] markedly inhibits the humoral immune response to coimmunized heterologous proteins, a property not observed with several other intact Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we determined the nature of this immunosuppressive property. Because phosphorylcholine (PC), a major haptenic component of teichoic acid in the S. pneumoniae cell wall, and lipoteichoic acid in the S. pneumoniae membrane were previously reported to be immunosuppressive when derived from filarial parasites, we determined whether R36A lacking PC (R36Apc\u2212) was inhibitory. Indeed, although R36Apc\u2212 exhibited a markedly reduced level of inhibition of the IgG response to coimmunized chicken OVA (cOVA), no inhibition was observed when using several other distinct PC-expressing bacteria or a soluble, protein\u2013PC conjugate. Further, treatment of R36A with periodate, which selectively destroys PC residues, had no effect on R36A-mediated inhibition. Because R36Apc\u2212 also lacks choline-binding proteins (CBPs) that require PC for cell wall attachment, and because treatment of R36A with trypsin eliminated its inhibitory activity, we incubated R36A in choline chloride, which selectively strips CBPs from its surface. R36A lacking CBPs lost most of its inhibitory property, whereas the supernatant of choline chloride\u2013treated R36A, containing CBPs, was markedly inhibitory. Coimmunization studies using cOVA and various S. pneumoniae mutants, each genetically deficient in one of the CBPs, demonstrated that only S. pneumoniae lacking the CBP pneumococcal surface protein A lost its ability to inhibit the IgG anti-cOVA response. These results strongly suggest that PspA plays a major role in mediating the immunosuppressive property of S. pneumoniae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T03:00:03Z","timestamp":1459393203000},"page":"3677-3685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pneumococcal Surface Protein A Plays a Major Role in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae\u2013<\/i>Induced Immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"family":"Saumyaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences , Pilani 333031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Pujanauski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, CO 80206"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2278-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Colino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0714-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Flora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5969-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul M","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, CO 80206"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0349-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine","family":"Tuomanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7724-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clifford M","family":"Snapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030702163584800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2918","article-title":"Microbial manipulation of receptor crosstalk in innate immunity","volume":"11","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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