{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:33:40Z","timestamp":1781534020338,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent arterial\/venous thrombosis and miscarriages in the persistent presence of autoantibodies against phospholipid-binding proteins (aPLs), such as \u03b22 glycoprotein I (\u03b22GPI). In addition to the aPL thrombophilic effect, arterial thrombosis was related to accelerated atherosclerosis in animal models; however, contrasting findings were reported in primary APS patients with regard to the increased number of plaques or abnormal arterial wall thickness. We investigated the cytokine production induced by \u03b22GPI in activated T cells that infiltrate in vivo atherosclerotic lesions of primary APS patients with atherothrombosis. We also examined the helper function of \u03b22GPI-specific T cells for monocyte matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue factor production, as well as their cytolytic potential and their helper function for Ab production. APS patients with atherothrombosis harbor in vivo\u2013activated CD4+ T cells that recognize \u03b22GPI in atherothrombotic lesions. \u03b22GPI induces T cell proliferation and IFN-\u03b3 expression in plaque-derived T cell clones. \u03b22GPI-specific T cells display helper function for monocyte matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue factor production and promote Ig production in autologous B cells. Moreover, plaque-derived \u03b22GPI-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes express perforin-mediated and Fas\/Fas ligand\u2013mediated cytotoxicity. \u03b22GPI, and especially the DI domain, drive a local Th1 inflammatory response, with subsequent plaque instability that eventually favors atherothrombosis. This finding may explain the association between aPLs and arterial thrombosis, despite the lack of evidence of surrogate markers for atherosclerosis in primary APS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T01:30:22Z","timestamp":1487035822000},"page":"2640-2648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["\u03b22 Glycoprotein I Recognition Drives Th1 Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Plaques of Patients with Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Marisa","family":"Benagiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gerosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Lupus Clinic, Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan , 20122 Milan,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Rome , 00136 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Diagnostics , La Jolla, CA 92131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8967-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria O","family":"Borghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Lupus Clinic, Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan , 20122 Milan,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Auxologico Italiano , 20095 Cusano Milanino,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3916-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Della Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Emmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Amedei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Internal Interdisciplinary Medicine, Lupus Clinic, Florence Careggi Hospital , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Emmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Interdisciplinary Medicine, Lupus Clinic, Florence Careggi Hospital , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Prisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Internal Interdisciplinary Medicine, Lupus Clinic, Florence Careggi Hospital , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3394-1451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Meroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Lupus Clinic, Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan , 20122 Milan,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Auxologico Italiano , 20095 Cusano Milanino,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario M","family":"D\u2019Elios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Internal Interdisciplinary Medicine, Lupus Clinic, Florence Careggi Hospital , 50134 Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030615073302500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4549","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome in 2014: more clinical manifestations, novel pathogenic players and emerging biomarkers","volume":"16","author":"Meroni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. 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