{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:14:00Z","timestamp":1790187240465,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\u03b3\u03b4 T cells act as a first line of defense against invading pathogens. However, despite their abundance in mucosal tissue, little information is available about their functionality in this compartment in the context of HIV\/SIV infection. In this study, we evaluated the frequency, phenotype, and functionality of V\u03b41 and V\u03b42 T cells from blood, rectum, and the female reproductive tract (FRT) of rhesus macaques to determine whether these cells contribute to control of SIV infection. No alteration in the peripheral V\u03b41\/V\u03b42 ratio in SIV-infected macaques was observed. However, CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ V\u03b41 T cells were expanded along with upregulation of NKG2D, CD107, and granzyme B, suggesting cytotoxic function. In contrast, V\u03b42 T cells showed a reduced ability to produce the inflammatory cytokine IFN-\u03b3. In the FRT of SIV+ macaques, V\u03b41 and V\u03b42 showed comparable levels across vaginal, ectocervical, and endocervical tissues; however, endocervical V\u03b42 T cells showed higher inflammatory profiles than the two other regions. No sex difference was seen in the rectal V\u03b41\/V\u03b42 ratio. Several peripheral V\u03b41 and\/or V\u03b42 T cell subpopulations expressing IFN-\u03b3 and\/or NKG2D were positively correlated with decreased plasma viremia. Notably, V\u03b42 CD8+ T cells of the endocervix were negatively correlated with chronic viremia. Overall, our results suggest that a robust V\u03b41 and V\u03b42 T cell response in blood and the FRT of SIV-infected macaques contribute to control of viremia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]],"date-time":"2016-11-05T01:59:42Z","timestamp":1478311182000},"page":"4686-4695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Mucosal and Systemic \u03b3\u03b4+ T Cells Associated with Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Iskra","family":"Tuero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Venzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Robert-Guroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030618360564100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.01.002","article-title":"Innate T cell responses in human gut","volume":"21","author":"Meresse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. 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