{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:13:04Z","timestamp":1791277984919,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The respiratory system is a complex network of many cell types, including subsets of macrophages and dendritic cells that work together to maintain steady-state respiration. Owing to limitations in acquiring cells from healthy human lung, these subsets remain poorly characterized transcriptionally and phenotypically. We set out to systematically identify these subsets in human airways by developing a schema of isolating large numbers of cells by whole-lung bronchoalveolar lavage. Six subsets of phagocytic APC (HLA-DR+) were consistently observed. Aside from alveolar macrophages, subsets of Langerin+, BDCA1\u2212CD14+, BDCA1+CD14+, BDCA1+CD14\u2212, and BDCA1\u2212CD14\u2212 cells were identified. These subsets varied in their ability to internalize Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus anthracis particles. All subsets were more efficient at internalizing S. aureus and B. anthracis compared with E. coli. Alveolar macrophages and CD14+ cells were overall more efficient at particle internalization compared with the four other populations. Subsets were further separated into two groups based on their inherent capacities to upregulate surface CD83, CD86, and CCR7 expression levels. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling revealed a clade of \u201ctrue dendritic cells\u201d consisting of Langerin+, BDCA1+CD14+, and BDCA1+CD14\u2212 cells. The dendritic cell clade was distinct from a macrophage\/monocyte clade, as supported by higher mRNA expression levels of several dendritic cell\u2013associated genes, including CD1, FLT3, CX3CR1, and CCR6. Each clade, and each member of both clades, was discerned by specific upregulated genes, which can serve as markers for future studies in healthy and diseased states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T21:00:16Z","timestamp":1482958816000},"page":"1183-1201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Transcriptional Classification and Functional Characterization of Human Airway Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Subsets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Vineet I","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"},{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Leland","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Cate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky L","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Aviation Medicine, Federal Aviation Administration , Oklahoma City, OK 73169"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cherokee Healthcare Services , Catoosa, OK 74015"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Kovats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"},{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis M","family":"Burian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Aviation Medicine, Federal Aviation Administration , Oklahoma City, OK 73169"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0086-8358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Dozmorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA 23298"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan P","family":"Metcalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"},{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030615023379200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09050984","article-title":"Characterization and quantification of alveolar monocyte-like cells in human chronic inflammatory lung disease","volume":"9","author":"Krombach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.163.2.436","article-title":"Dendritic cells with antigen-presenting capability reside in airway epithelium, lung parenchyma, and visceral pleura","volume":"163","author":"Sertl","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2005-0382OC","article-title":"Different roles for human lung dendritic cell subsets in pulmonary immune defense mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"Demedts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r4","first-page":"539","article-title":"Human bronchoalveolar macrophage heterogeneity demonstrated by histochemistry, surface markers and phagocytosis","volume":"60","author":"Gant","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3562","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00767-12","article-title":"Microbiome diversity in the bronchial tracts of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"50","author":"Cabrera-Rubio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201104-0655OC","article-title":"Topographical continuity of bacterial populations in the healthy human respiratory tract","volume":"184","author":"Charlson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42786","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042786","article-title":"Assessing bacterial populations in the lung by replicate analysis of samples from the upper and lower respiratory tracts","volume":"7","author":"Charlson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01028-14","article-title":"Analysis of culture-dependent versus culture-independent techniques for identification of bacteria in clinically obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","volume":"52","author":"Dickson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201501-029OC","article-title":"Spatial variation in the healthy human lung microbiome and the adapted island model of lung biogeography","volume":"12","author":"Dickson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016384","article-title":"Analysis of the lung microbiome in the \u201chealthy\u201d smoker and in COPD","volume":"6","author":"Erb-Downward","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1913OC","article-title":"Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers","volume":"187","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8578","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008578","article-title":"Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways","volume":"5","author":"Hilty","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.07.004","article-title":"The microbiome at the pulmonary alveolar niche and its role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"95","author":"Adami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb.)"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.13.3.7544594","article-title":"Normal bronchial epithelial cells constitutively produce the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, which is downregulated in cystic fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Bonfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737936","article-title":"Airway epithelial cells modify immune responses by inducing an anti-inflammatory microenvironment","volume":"38","author":"Mayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.21.5.3785","article-title":"Human lung dendritic cells have an immature phenotype with efficient mannose receptors","volume":"21","author":"Cochand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.45.4.336","article-title":"Mononuclear cells from human lung parenchyma support antigen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation","volume":"45","author":"Nicod","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0279OC","article-title":"Identification and characterization of human pulmonary dendritic cells","volume":"32","author":"Demedts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7784","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.11.7784","article-title":"Characterization of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in human lung","volume":"177","author":"Masten","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9907015","article-title":"Increased numbers of dendritic cells in the bronchiolar tissues of diffuse panbronchiolitis","volume":"162","author":"Todate","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0087OC","article-title":"Spatial interactions between dendritic cells and sensory nerves in allergic airway inflammation","volume":"37","author":"Veres","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.067793","article-title":"Dendritic cell subsets in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental allergen challenge","volume":"62","author":"Bratke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.09.009","article-title":"A novel method for isolating dendritic cells from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","volume":"351","author":"Ten Berge","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1711.2006.01428.x","article-title":"Isolation of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","volume":"84","author":"Tsoumakidou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.11.3.8086170","article-title":"Dendritic cells and their precursors isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage: immunocytologic and functional properties","volume":"11","author":"van Haarst","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6037","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6037","article-title":"BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4: three markers for distinct subsets of dendritic cells in human peripheral blood","volume":"165","author":"Dzionek","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1376OC","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of mononuclear phagocytes in nondiseased human lung and lung-draining lymph nodes","volume":"193","author":"Desch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1HI0714-351R","article-title":"Langerin-expressing dendritic cells in human tissues are related to CD1c+ dendritic cells and distinct from Langerhans cells and CD141high XCR1+ dendritic cells","volume":"97","author":"Bigley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxm096","article-title":"CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts","volume":"19","author":"Angel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5730","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.5730","article-title":"Cutting edge: CD1a+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis respond rapidly to CCR7 ligands","volume":"176","author":"Angel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081633","article-title":"Differential rates of replacement of human dermal dendritic cells and macrophages during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"206","author":"Haniffa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.07.013","article-title":"Functional specializations of human epidermal Langerhans cells and CD14+ dermal dendritic cells","volume":"29","author":"Klechevsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.08.006","article-title":"Human dermal CD14+ cells are a transient population of monocyte-derived macrophages. [Published erratum appears in 2015 Immunity 42: 391.]","volume":"41","author":"McGovern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600071","article-title":"Dendritic cells and monocytes with distinct inflammatory responses reside in lung mucosa of healthy humans","volume":"196","author":"Baharom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.007","article-title":"Minimal differentiation of classical monocytes as they survey steady-state tissues and transport antigen to lymph nodes","volume":"39","author":"Jakubzick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00173-3","article-title":"Freezing of dendritic cells, generated from cryopreserved leukaphereses, does not influence their ability to induce antigen-specific immune responses or functionally react to maturation stimuli","volume":"240","author":"Lewalle","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022948","article-title":"Association between HLA class I and class II alleles and the outcome of West Nile virus infection: an exploratory study","volume":"6","author":"Lanteri","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00046-07","article-title":"Human lung innate immune response to Bacillus anthracis spore infection","volume":"75","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0525-x","article-title":"Novel and rare functional genomic variants in multiple autoimmune syndrome and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Johar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1468","article-title":"Humoral responses to islet antigen-2 and zinc transporter 8 are attenuated in patients carrying HLA-A*24 alleles at the onset of type 1 diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000217525.82287.eb","article-title":"Immunogenetic risk and protective factors for the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: distinct HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DRB1, and -DQA1 allelic profiles distinguish European American patients with different myositis autoantibodies","volume":"85","author":"O\u2019Hanlon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3498","article-title":"HLA class II sequence variants influence tuberculosis risk in populations of European ancestry","volume":"48","author":"Sveinbjornsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092140","article-title":"Human CD141+ (BDCA-3)+ dendritic cells (DCs) represent a unique myeloid DC subset that cross-presents necrotic cell antigens","volume":"207","author":"Jongbloed","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.04.012","article-title":"Human tissues contain CD141hi cross-presenting dendritic cells with functional homology to mouse CD103+ nonlymphoid dendritic cells","volume":"37","author":"Haniffa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16693","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709923200","article-title":"CLEC9A is a novel activation C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on BDCA3+ dendritic cells and a subset of monocytes","volume":"283","author":"Huysamen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07750","article-title":"Identification of a dendritic cell receptor that couples sensing of necrosis to immunity","volume":"458","author":"Sancho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2001-11-0097","article-title":"Characterization of human blood dendritic cell subsets","volume":"100","author":"MacDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26487","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.213561","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiles of human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages reveal miR-511 as putative positive regulator of Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"286","author":"Tserel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.011","article-title":"IRF4 transcription factor-dependent CD11b+ dendritic cells in human and mouse control mucosal IL-17 cytokine responses","volume":"38","author":"Schlitzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1615","article-title":"The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 is required for dendritic cell development in peripheral lymphoid tissues","volume":"9","author":"Waskow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40348","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040348","article-title":"Adherent human alveolar macrophages exhibit a transient pro-inflammatory profile that confounds responses to innate immune stimulation","volume":"7","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6535","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.11.6535","article-title":"Characterization of dermal dendritic cells obtained from normal human skin reveals phenotypic and functionally distinctive subsets","volume":"151","author":"Nestle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116873","article-title":"Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells. Isolation by means of a novel method and phenotypical and functional characterization","volume":"92","author":"Lenz","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100223","article-title":"The XC chemokine receptor 1 is a conserved selective marker of mammalian cells homologous to mouse CD8\u03b1+ dendritic cells","volume":"207","author":"Crozat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100348","article-title":"Superior antigen cross-presentation and XCR1 expression define human CD11c+CD141+ cells as homologues of mouse CD8+ dendritic cells","volume":"207","author":"Bachem","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00868.x","article-title":"Comparative genomics as a tool to reveal functional equivalences between human and mouse dendritic cell subsets","volume":"234","author":"Crozat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-04-570879","article-title":"Functional characterization of the human dendritic cell immunodeficiency associated with the IRF8(K108E) mutation","volume":"124","author":"Salem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1103532","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are the major DC subset innately producing cytokines in human lymph nodes","volume":"78","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-13-33","article-title":"Evidence for local dendritic cell activation in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"13","author":"Ten Berge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00174-2","article-title":"Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties","volume":"19","author":"Geissmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111457","article-title":"Characterization of resident and migratory dendritic cells in human lymph nodes","volume":"209","author":"Segura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142098","article-title":"Human CD1c (BDCA-1)+ myeloid dendritic cells secrete IL-10 and display an immuno-regulatory phenotype and function in response to Escherichia coli","volume":"42","author":"Kassianos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01851-14","article-title":"BDCA1-positive dendritic cells (DCs) represent a unique human myeloid DC subset that induces innate and adaptive immune responses to Staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"82","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.9.5545","article-title":"Dendritic cells endocytose Bacillus anthracis spores: implications for anthrax pathogenesis","volume":"174","author":"Brittingham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01137.x","article-title":"Germination of Bacillus anthracis spores within alveolar macrophages","volume":"31","author":"Guidi-Rontani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-2","article-title":"Differential expression of Toll-like receptors on human alveolar macrophages and autologous peripheral monocytes","volume":"11","author":"Juarez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03253","article-title":"CD36 is a sensor of diacylglycerides","volume":"433","author":"Hoebe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5392","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.10.5392","article-title":"Cutting edge: TLR2-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"165","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709321105","article-title":"The integrin Mac-1 (CR3) mediates internalization and directs Bacillus anthracis spores into professional phagocytes","volume":"105","author":"Oliva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13957","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902392106","article-title":"CD14-Mac-1 interactions in Bacillus anthracis spore internalization by macrophages","volume":"106","author":"Oliva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102092","article-title":"Activation of the classical complement pathway by Bacillus anthracis is the primary mechanism for spore phagocytosis and involves the spore surface protein BclA","volume":"188","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2011.06.027","article-title":"Development and validation of a flow cytometric method to evaluate phagocytosis of pHrodo\u2122 BioParticles\u00ae by granulocytes in multiple species","volume":"390","author":"Neaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020327","article-title":"Analysis of protease activity in live antigen-presenting cells shows regulation of the phagosomal proteolytic contents during dendritic cell activation","volume":"196","author":"Lennon-Dum\u00e9nil","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1552","article-title":"Rab27a regulates phagosomal pH and NADPH oxidase recruitment to dendritic cell phagosomes","volume":"9","author":"Jancic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080106","article-title":"Activation of lysosomal function during dendritic cell maturation","volume":"299","author":"Trombetta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54263-0","article-title":"Determinants of the phagosomal pH in macrophages. In situ assessment of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase activity, counterion conductance, and H+ \u201cleak\u201d","volume":"266","author":"Lukacs","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)45332-4","article-title":"Phagosomal acidification is mediated by a vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase in murine macrophages","volume":"265","author":"Lukacs","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1089\/089426801316970240","article-title":"Evaluation of phagocytic activity in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"14","author":"Kiama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r79","first-page":"657","article-title":"Sequestration of inhaled particulate antigens by lung phagocytes. A mechanism for the effective inhibition of pulmonary cell-mediated immunity","volume":"148","author":"MacLean","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.6.837","article-title":"CCR6, a CC chemokine receptor that interacts with macrophage inflammatory protein 3\u03b1 and is highly expressed in human dendritic cells","volume":"186","author":"Greaves","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R17","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2008-9-1-r17","article-title":"Novel insights into the relationships between dendritic cell subsets in human and mouse revealed by genome-wide expression profiling","volume":"9","author":"Robbins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.10.018","article-title":"Human inflammatory dendritic cells induce Th17 cell differentiation","volume":"38","author":"Segura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202872","article-title":"The liver X receptor pathway is highly upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis synovial macrophages and potentiates TLR-driven cytokine release","volume":"72","author":"Asquith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101459","article-title":"The human syndrome of dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK lymphoid deficiency","volume":"208","author":"Bigley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01146.x","article-title":"Self-renewal capacity of human epidermal Langerhans cells: observations made on a composite tissue allograft","volume":"20","author":"Kanitakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.407","article-title":"Fractalkine-CX3CR1-dependent recruitment and retention of human CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells by in vitro-activated proximal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"87","author":"Kassianos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108003","article-title":"Differential lysosomal proteolysis in antigen-presenting cells determines antigen fate","volume":"307","author":"Delamarre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.004","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating monocytes","volume":"38","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0146OC","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of myeloid cells in human blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissues","volume":"54","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0147LE","article-title":"Flow cytometry reveals similarities between lung macrophages in humans and mice","volume":"54","author":"Bharat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.6.1360","article-title":"High levels of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 are present in the epithelial lining fluid of the normal human lower respiratory tract","volume":"137","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"2025030615023379200_r92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.8.789","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta in normal human lung: preferential location in bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"49","author":"Magnan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/198\/3\/1183\/61511180\/1600777.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/198\/3\/1183\/61511180\/1600777.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T12:13:22Z","timestamp":1741263202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/198\/3\/1183\/7962071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1600777","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]}}}