{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:48:42Z","timestamp":1782312522014,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Among the various hypotheses put forward to explain the modulatory influence of helminth infection on allergic effector responses in humans, the IL-10\u2013induced suppression of Th2-associated responses has been the leading candidate. To explore this helminth\/allergy interaction more fully, parasite- and allergen-specific CD4+ T cell responses in 12 subjects with filarial infections, and coincident allergic sensitization (filarial [Fil]+allergy [A]+) were compared with the responses to three appropriate control groups (Fil\u2212A\u2212 [n = 13], Fil\u2212A+ [n = 12], Fil+A\u2212 [n = 11]). The most important findings revealed that Fil+A+ had marked (p &amp;lt; 0.0001 for all cytokines) increases in parasite Ag-driven Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), and the regulatory (IL-10) cytokines when compared with Fil+A\u2212. Moreover, using multiparameter flow cytometry, filarial parasite Ag induced a marked increase in not only the frequency of CD4+ T cells producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-2, and TNF-\u03b1 in Fil+A+ when compared with Fil+A\u2212 patients, but also in the frequencies of polyfunctional Th2-like (CD4+IL-4+IL-5+ and CD4+IL-2+IL-4+IL-5+TNF-\u03b1+) cells. The Th2-associated responses seen in the Fil+A+ group were correlated with serum IgE levels (p &amp;lt; 0.01, r = 0.5165 for IL-4; p &amp;lt; 0.001, r = 0.5544 for IL-5; and p &amp;lt; 0.001, r = 0.4901 for IL-13) and levels of circulating eosinophils (p &amp;lt; 0.0116, r = 0.5656) and their degranulation\/activation products (major basic protein [p &amp;lt; 0.001, r = 0.7353] and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin [p &amp;lt; 0.01, r = 0.7059]). CD4+ responses to allergen were not different (to a large extent) among the groups. Taken together, our data suggest that allergic sensitization coincident with filarial infection drives parasite Ag-specific T cell hyperresponsiveness, which is characterized largely by an augmented Th2-dominated immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T02:09:08Z","timestamp":1472263748000},"page":"2772-2779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Allergic Sensitization Underlies Hyperreactive Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in Coincident Filarial Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Pedro H","family":"Gazzinelli-Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte 31270-901,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Bonne-Ann\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo T","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte 31270-901,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5695-8256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helton C","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte 31270-901,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6887-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas B","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030617530977700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldp046","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases","volume":"93","author":"Feasey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. 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