{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:43:55Z","timestamp":1793119435791,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator that plays a crucial role in limiting host immunopathology during bacterial infections by controlling effector T cell activation. Staphylococcus aureus has previously been shown to manipulate the IL-10 response as a mechanism of immune evasion during chronic systemic and biofilm models of infection. In the present study, we demonstrate divergent roles for IL-10 depending on the site of infection. During acute systemic S. aureus infection, IL-10 plays an important protective role and is required to prevent bacterial dissemination and host morbidity by controlling effector T cells and the associated downstream hyperactivation of inflammatory phagocytes, which are capable of host tissue damage. CD19+CD11b+CD5+ B1a regulatory cells were shown to rapidly express IL-10 in a TLR2-dependent manner in response to S. aureus, and adoptive transfer of B1a cells was protective during acute systemic infection in IL-10\u2013deficient hosts. In contrast, during localized s.c. infection, IL-10 production plays a detrimental role by facilitating bacterial persistence via the same mechanism of controlling proinflammatory T cell responses. Our findings demonstrate that induction of IL-10 has a major influence on disease outcome during acute S. aureus infection. Too much IL-10 at one end of the scale may suppress otherwise protective T cell responses, thus facilitating persistence of the bacteria, and at the other end, too little IL-10 may tend toward fatal host-mediated pathology through excessive activation of T cells and associated phagocyte-mediated damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T01:25:25Z","timestamp":1486430725000},"page":"2352-2365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["IL-10 Plays Opposing Roles during <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Systemic and Localized Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"John M","family":"Leech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keenan A","family":"Lacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle E","family":"Mulcahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research , 38124 Braunschweig,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4553-018X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M","family":"McLoughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030615053570800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.09.002","article-title":"Biology of interleukin-10","volume":"21","author":"Sabat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"2025030615053570800_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101312","article-title":"Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease","volume":"29","author":"Ouyang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. 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