{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:59:56Z","timestamp":1792267196355,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Several immune cell populations are involved in cartilage damage, bone erosion, and resorption processes during osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of experimental osteoarthritis and whether and how neutrophils can regulate their synovial localization in the disease. Experimental osteoarthritis was elicited by intra-articular injection of collagenase in wild type and Cxcr3\u2212\/\u2212 8-wk old mice. To follow osteoarthritis progression, cartilage damage, synovial thickening, and osteophyte formation were measured histologically. To characterize the inflammatory cells involved in osteoarthritis, synovial fluid was collected early after disease induction, and the cellular and cytokine content were quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. We found that NK cells and neutrophils are among the first cells that accumulate in the synovium during osteoarthritis, both exerting a pathogenic role. Moreover, we uncovered a crucial role of the CXCL10\/CXCR3 axis, with CXCL10 increasing in synovial fluids after injury and Cxcr3\u2212\/\u2212 mice being protected from disease development. Finally, in vivo depletion experiments showed that neutrophils are involved in an NK cell increase in the synovium, possibly by expressing CXCL10 in inflamed joints. Thus, neutrophils and NK cells act as important disease-promoting immune cells in experimental osteoarthritis and their functional interaction is promoted by the CXCL10\/CXCR3 axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,21]],"date-time":"2017-01-21T02:40:51Z","timestamp":1484966451000},"page":"2115-2124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["CXCR3\/CXCL10 Axis Regulates Neutrophil\u2013NK Cell Cross-Talk Determining the Severity of Experimental Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Benigni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0920-3712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petya","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6369-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Antonangeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Sanseviero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3578-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoriya","family":"Milanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 86525,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"van Lent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 86525,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2441-9749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Morrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1206-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Santoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Immunopathology Institute Pasteur Italy\u2013Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed , Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3705-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed , Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031312201779300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/35095564","article-title":"Natural killer cells, viruses and cancer","volume":"1","author":"Cerwenka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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