{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:17:50Z","timestamp":1791274670083,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mammalian cells have evolved a common DNA damage response (DDR) that sustains cellular function, maintains genomic integrity, and suppresses malignant transformation. In pre-B cells, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced at Ig\u03ba loci by the Rag1\/Rag2 (RAG) endonuclease engage this DDR to modulate transcription of genes that regulate lymphocyte-specific processes. We previously reported that RAG DSBs induced at one Ig\u03ba allele signal through the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase to feedback-inhibit RAG expression and RAG cleavage of the other Ig\u03ba allele. In this article, we show that DSBs induced by ionizing radiation, etoposide, or bleomycin suppress Rag1 and Rag2 mRNA levels in primary pre-B cells, pro-B cells, and pro-T cells, indicating that inhibition of Rag1 and Rag2 expression is a prevalent DSB response among immature lymphocytes. DSBs induced in pre-B cells signal rapid transcriptional repression of Rag1 and Rag2, causing downregulation of both Rag1 and Rag2 mRNA, but only Rag1 protein. This transcriptional inhibition requires the ATM kinase and the NF-\u03baB essential modulator protein, implicating a role for ATM-mediated activation of canonical NF-\u03baB transcription factors. Finally, we demonstrate that DSBs induced in pre-B cells by etoposide or bleomycin inhibit recombination of Ig\u03ba loci and a chromosomally integrated substrate. Our data indicate that immature lymphocytes exploit a common DDR signaling pathway to limit DSBs at multiple genomic locations within developmental stages wherein monoallelic Ag receptor locus recombination is enforced. We discuss the implications of our findings for mechanisms that orchestrate the differentiation of monospecific lymphocytes while suppressing oncogenic Ag receptor locus translocations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,18]],"date-time":"2017-02-18T01:25:36Z","timestamp":1487381136000},"page":"2943-2956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Immature Lymphocytes Inhibit <i>Rag1<\/i> and <i>Rag2<\/i> Transcription and V(D)J Recombination in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Megan R","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Rivera-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Cancer Biology Program of the Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah B","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G","family":"Schatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig H","family":"Bassing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Cancer Biology Program of the Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030615065890000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3546","article-title":"The ATM protein kinase: regulating the cellular response to genotoxic stress, and more","volume":"14","author":"Shiloh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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