{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:42:23Z","timestamp":1790739743399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that recognize lipid Ags presented by CD1d. The prototypical Ag, \u03b1-galactosylceramide, strongly activates human and mouse iNKT cells, leading to the assumption that iNKT cell physiology in human and mouse is similar. In this article, we report the surprising finding that human, but not mouse, iNKT cells directly recognize myelin-derived sulfatide presented by CD1d. We propose that sulfatide is recognized only by human iNKT cells because of the unique positioning of the 3-O-sulfated \u03b2-galactose headgroup. Surface plasmon resonance shows that the affinity of human CD1d-sulfatide for the iNKT cell receptor is relatively low compared with CD1d\u2013\u03b1-galactosylceramide (KD of 19\u201326 \u03bcM versus 1 \u03bcM). Apolipoprotein E isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid carries sulfatide that can be captured by APCs and presented by CD1d to iNKT cells. APCs from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, who accumulate sulfatides due to a deficiency in arylsulfatase-A, directly activate iNKT cells. Thus, we have identified sulfatide as a self-lipid recognized by human iNKT cells and propose that sulfatide recognition by innate T cells may be an important pathologic feature of neuroinflammatory disease and that sulfatide in APCs may contribute to the endogenous pathway of iNKT cell activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,20]],"date-time":"2017-05-20T00:20:22Z","timestamp":1495239622000},"page":"97-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Autoreactivity to Sulfatide by Human Invariant NKT Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Annelein M","family":"Stax","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Tuengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3508-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka L","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongjun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J","family":"Panenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joren","family":"Guillaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Huey","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4201-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"van Calenbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7215-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk M","family":"Zajonc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA 92037"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3933-4780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"van den Elzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030612092358600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3369","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells: an innate activation scheme linked to diverse effector functions","volume":"13","author":"Brennan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-016-0933-y","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells: front line fighters in the war against pathogenic microbes","volume":"68","author":"Crosby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-016-0944-8","article-title":"Activation strategies for invariant natural killer T cells","volume":"68","author":"Kohlgruber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00400","article-title":"Recognition of microbial glycolipids by natural killer T cells","volume":"6","author":"Zajonc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001610","article-title":"Production of \u03b1-galactosylceramide by a prominent member of the human gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Wieland Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000228","article-title":"Recognition of lyso-phospholipids by human natural killer T lymphocytes","volume":"7","author":"Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1380","article-title":"Natural killer T cells recognize diacylglycerol antigens from pathogenic bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Kinjo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39139","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.412320","article-title":"Human and mouse type I natural killer T cell antigen receptors exhibit different fine specificities for CD1d-antigen complex","volume":"287","author":"Wun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2076","article-title":"Recognition of \u03b2-linked self glycolipids mediated by natural killer T cell antigen receptors","volume":"12","author":"Pellicci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101636","article-title":"Cutting edge: structural basis for the recognition of \u03b2-linked glycolipid antigens by invariant NKT cells","volume":"187","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17206","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.654814","article-title":"Lipid and carbohydrate modifications of \u03b1-galactosylceramide differently influence mouse and human type I natural killer T cell activation","volume":"290","author":"Birkholz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242952","article-title":"CD1d protein structure determines species-selective antigenicity of isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) to invariant NKT cells","volume":"43","author":"Sanderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3328","article-title":"Recognition of CD1d-restricted antigens by natural killer T cells","volume":"12","author":"Rossjohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.4.993","article-title":"CD1-restricted CD4+ T cells in major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient mice","volume":"182","author":"Cardell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031389","article-title":"Prevention of autoimmunity by targeting a distinct, noninvariant CD1d-reactive T cell population reactive to sulfatide","volume":"199","author":"Jahng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051625","article-title":"Structural basis for CD1d presentation of a sulfatide derived from myelin and its implications for autoimmunity","volume":"202","author":"Zajonc","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839001","article-title":"Multiple tissue-specific isoforms of sulfatide activate CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells","volume":"39","author":"Blomqvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2371","article-title":"Type II natural killer T cells use features of both innate-like and conventional T cells to recognize sulfatide self antigens","volume":"13","author":"Girardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2372","article-title":"Recognition of CD1d-sulfatide mediated by a type II natural killer T cell antigen receptor","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305671","article-title":"IL-13R\u03b12-bearing, type II NKT cells reactive to sulfatide self-antigen populate the mucosa of ulcerative colitis","volume":"63","author":"Fuss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010080815","article-title":"Sulfatide-reactive natural killer T cells abrogate ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011963","article-title":"Presentation of the same glycolipid by different CD1 molecules","volume":"195","author":"Shamshiev","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242531","article-title":"The majority of CD1d-sulfatide-specific T cells in human blood use a semiinvariant V\u03b41 TCR","volume":"42","author":"Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.001","article-title":"Crystal structure of V\u03b41 T cell receptor in complex with CD1d-sulfatide shows MHC-like recognition of a self-lipid by human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"39","author":"Luoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-211417","article-title":"Apolipoprotein-mediated lipid antigen presentation in B cells provides a pathway for innate help by NKT cells","volume":"114","author":"Allan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3625","article-title":"Conserved and heterogeneous lipid antigen specificities of CD1d-restricted NKT cell receptors","volume":"176","author":"Brigl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408696102","article-title":"Bacterial glycolipids and analogs as antigens for CD1d-restricted NKT cells","volume":"102","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1973.tb07519.x","article-title":"Myelination in rat brain: method of myelin isolation","volume":"21","author":"Norton","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80174-0","article-title":"Murine CD1d-restricted T cell recognition of cellular lipids","volume":"12","author":"Gumperz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1002","article-title":"Mechanism of CD1d-restricted natural killer T cell activation during microbial infection","volume":"4","author":"Brigl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04001","article-title":"Apolipoprotein-mediated pathways of lipid antigen presentation","volume":"437","author":"van den Elzen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10967.x","article-title":"Proligodendroblast antigen (POA), a developmental antigen expressed by A007\/O4-positive oligodendrocyte progenitors prior to the appearance of sulfatide and galactocerebroside","volume":"58","author":"Bansal","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909479107","article-title":"Lipid binding orientation within CD1d affects recognition of Borrelia burgorferi antigens by NKT cells","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444904011679","article-title":"PRODRG: a tool for high-throughput crystallography of protein-ligand complexes","volume":"60","author":"Sch\u00fcttelkopf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334","article-title":"AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading","volume":"31","author":"Trott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444910007493","article-title":"Features and development of Coot","volume":"66","author":"Emsley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199905)29:05<1667::AID-IMMU1667>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Self glycolipids as T-cell autoantigens","volume":"29","author":"Shamshiev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13433","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415357111","article-title":"Activation of iNKT cells by a distinct constituent of the endogenous glucosylceramide fraction","volume":"111","author":"Brennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.08.017","article-title":"The identification of the endogenous ligands of natural killer T cells reveals the presence of mammalian \u03b1-linked glycosylceramides. [Published erratum appears in 2014 Immunity 41: 867.]","volume":"41","author":"Kain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31602","article-title":"Type II NKT cell-mediated anergy induction in type I NKT cells prevents inflammatory liver disease","volume":"117","author":"Halder","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062342","article-title":"The length of lipids bound to human CD1d molecules modulates the affinity of NKT cell TCR and the threshold of NKT cell activation","volume":"204","author":"McCarthy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00920","article-title":"Two-step binding mechanism for T-cell receptor recognition of peptide MHC","volume":"418","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05907","article-title":"CD1d-lipid-antigen recognition by the semi-invariant NKT T-cell receptor","volume":"448","author":"Borg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1975.tb00638.x","article-title":"Detection of homozygotes and heterozygotes for metachromatic leukodystrophy in lymphoid cell lines and peripheral leukocytes","volume":"38","author":"Beratis","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04942.x","article-title":"Lysosulfatide (sulfogalactosylsphingosine) accumulation in tissues from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy","volume":"55","author":"Toda","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-01-480665","article-title":"Innate immune control of EBV-infected B cells by invariant natural killer T cells","volume":"122","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2713","article-title":"CD1d-lipid antigen recognition by the \u03b3\u03b4 TCR","volume":"14","author":"Uldrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2143","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells recognize lipid self antigen induced by microbial danger signals","volume":"12","author":"Brennan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4375","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.8.4375","article-title":"Differential expression of NK T cell V alpha 24J alpha Q invariant TCR chain in the lesions of multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy","volume":"164","author":"Ill\u00e9s","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxg029","article-title":"Th2 bias of CD4+ NKT cells derived from multiple sclerosis in remission","volume":"15","author":"Araki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.09.014","article-title":"Understanding the behavior of invariant NKT cells in autoimmune diseases","volume":"191","author":"Yamamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4942","article-title":"Decreases in interleukin-4 secretion by invariant CD4(\u2212)CD8(\u2212)V alpha 24J alpha Q T cells in peripheral blood of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"98","author":"Gausling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5060","article-title":"Circulating V(alpha24+) Vbeta11+ NKT cell numbers are decreased in a wide variety of diseases that are characterized by autoreactive tissue damage","volume":"100","author":"van der Vliet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02655.x","article-title":"Innate immunity modulates autoimmunity: type 1 interferon-beta treatment in multiple sclerosis promotes growth and function of regulatory invariant natural killer T cells through dendritic cell maturation","volume":"122","author":"Gigli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00997.x","article-title":"Substantial sulfatide deficiency and ceramide elevation in very early Alzheimer\u2019s disease: potential role in disease pathogenesis","volume":"82","author":"Han","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.2.244","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 genotype predicts a poor outcome in survivors of traumatic brain injury","volume":"52","author":"Friedman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550020068040","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing","volume":"278","author":"Jordan","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.519","article-title":"In vivo administration of the C16:0 fatty acid isoform of sulfatide increases pancreatic sulfatide and enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Zucker fatty (fa\/fa) rats","volume":"21","author":"Blomqvist","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2904","article-title":"Presumed guilty: natural killer T cell defects and human disease","volume":"11","author":"Berzins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050773","article-title":"Human CD1-restricted T cell recognition of lipids from pollens","volume":"202","author":"Agea","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.013","article-title":"A molecular basis for NKT cell recognition of CD1d-self-antigen","volume":"34","author":"Mallevaey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14821","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14821","article-title":"Phenotype of arylsulfatase A-deficient mice: relationship to human metachromatic leukodystrophy","volume":"93","author":"Hess","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.69","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory therapy with simvastatin improves neuroinflammation and CNS function in a mouse model of metachromatic leukodystrophy","volume":"23","author":"Stein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"2025030612092358600_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003615","article-title":"CD1d and CD1c expression in human B cells is regulated by activation and retinoic acid receptor signaling","volume":"186","author":"Allan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/199\/1\/97\/61512314\/ji1601976.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/199\/1\/97\/61512314\/ji1601976.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T13:17:35Z","timestamp":1741267055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/199\/1\/97\/7962207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1601976","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}}}