{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:42:12Z","timestamp":1790422932486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation and is associated with high serum IgE and overproduction of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by allergen-specific Th2 cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKL) as an adjuvant in immunotherapy successfully reversed ongoing Ag-specific Th2-dominated responses toward Th1-dominated responses, but it was unclear if such immune modulation could reverse ongoing, established disease in target organs such as the lung. In this paper we show that a single dose of Ag plus HKL as adjuvant significantly reduced AHR in a murine model for asthma and reversed established AHR when given late after allergen sensitization. HKL as adjuvant also dramatically inhibited airway inflammation, eosinophilia, and mucus production, significantly reduced Ag-specific IgE and IL-4 production, and dramatically increased Ag-specific IFN-\u03b3 synthesis. The inhibitory effect of HKL on AHR depended on the presence of IL-12 and CD8+ T cells and was associated with an increase of IL-18 mRNA expression. Thus, our results demonstrate that HKL as an adjuvant for immunotherapy mediates immune deviation from a pathological Th2-dominated response toward a protective immune response in peripheral lymphoid tissues and in the lungs and may be clinically effective in the treatment of patients with established asthma and allergic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.1.223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T18:07:57Z","timestamp":1398103677000},"page":"223-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Vaccination with Heat-Killed\n                    <i>Listeria<\/i>\n                    as Adjuvant Reverses Established Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity and Inflammation: Role of CD8+ T Cells and IL-18"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Gesine","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V Peter","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale T","family":"Umetsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemarie H","family":"DeKruyff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213153913800_R1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"J. 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