{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:48:21Z","timestamp":1791402501352,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mast cells can play detrimental roles in the pathophysiology and mortality observed in anaphylaxis and other Th2-dominated allergic diseases. In contrast, these cells contribute to protective host defense mechanisms against parasitic worm infections. After IgE\/Ag activation, mast cells can produce multiple cytokines that may enhance allergic inflammations, while a similar panel of Th2-related cytokines may support immunological strategies against parasites. Here we report that in primary mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells activated by ionomycin or IgE\/Ag, the proinflammatory mediator IL-1 (\u03b1 or \u03b2) up-regulated production of IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-9 as well as TNF, i.e., cytokines implicated in many inflammatory processes including those associated with allergies and helminthic infections. IL-1 did not induce significant cytokine release in the absence of ionomycin or IgE\/Ag, suggesting that Ca-dependent signaling was required. IL-1-mediated enhancement of cytokine expression was confirmed at the mRNA level by Northern blot and\/or RT-PCR analysis. Our study reveals a role for IL-1 in the up-regulation of multiple mast cell-derived cytokines. Moreover, we identify mast cells as a novel source of IL-9. These results are of particular importance in the light of recent reports that strongly support a central role of IL-9 in allergic lung inflammation and in host defense against worm infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.11.5556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:57:35Z","timestamp":1398027455000},"page":"5556-5563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["In Activated Mast Cells, IL-1 Up-Regulates the Production of Several Th2-Related Cytokines Including IL-9"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Lothar","family":"Hu\u0308ltner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Hematology , Mu\u0308nchen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Ko\u0308lsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Kaspers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Hematology , Mu\u0308nchen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Hematology , Mu\u0308nchen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Mailhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Hematology , Mu\u0308nchen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Innenstadt of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Mu\u0308nchen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannelore","family":"Broszeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Hematology , Mu\u0308nchen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213193503000_R1","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Allergy: Principles and Practice","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026020213193503000_R2","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Curr. 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