{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T22:18:04Z","timestamp":1774995484085,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The kinetics of IL-1 (\u03b1 and \u03b2) production after Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection was examined in susceptible (cornea perforates) C57BL\/6J (B6) and resistant (cornea heals) BALB\/cByJ (BALB\/c) mice. IL-1\u03b1 and -1\u03b2 (mRNA and protein) were elevated in both mouse strains, and levels peaked at 1 day postinfection (p.i.). Significantly greater amounts of IL-1 protein were detected in B6 vs BALB\/c mice at 1 and 3 days p.i. At 5 days p.i., IL-1\u03b1 and -1\u03b2 (mRNA and protein) remained elevated in B6, but began to decline in BALB\/c mice. To test the significance of elevated IL-1 in B6 mice, a polyclonal neutralizing Ab against IL-1\u03b2 was used to treat infected B6 mice. A combination of subconjunctival and i.p. administration of IL-1\u03b2 polyclonal Ab significantly reduced corneal disease. The reduction in disease severity in infected B6 mice was accompanied by a reduction in corneal polymorphonuclear neutrophil number, bacterial load, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 mRNA and protein levels. These data provide evidence that IL-1 is an important contributor to P. aeruginosa corneal infection. At least one mechanism by which prolonged and\/or elevated IL-1 expression contributes to irreversible corneal tissue destruction appears to be by increasing macrophage inflammatory protein-2 production, resulting in a prolonged stimulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx into cornea. In contrast, a timely down-regulation of IL-1 appears consistent with an inflammatory response that is sufficient to clear the bacterial infection with less corneal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:59:29Z","timestamp":1398031169000},"page":"6576-6582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Prolonged Elevation of IL-1 in\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    Ocular Infection Regulates Macrophage-Inflammatory Protein-2 Production, Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Persistence, and Corneal Perforation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Xiaowen L","family":"Rudner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy\/Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI 48201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen A","family":"Kernacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy\/Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI 48201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald P","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy\/Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI 48201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda D","family":"Hazlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy\/Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI 48201"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020214035167900_R1"},{"key":"2026020214035167900_R2","first-page":"1559","volume-title":"Infect. 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