{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:41:58Z","timestamp":1790764918700,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In systemic lupus erythematosus, the renal deposition of complement-containing immune complexes initiates an inflammatory cascade resulting in glomerulonephritis. Activation of the classical complement pathway with deposition of C3 is pathogenic in lupus nephritis. Although the alternative complement pathway is activated in lupus nephritis, its role in disease pathogenesis is unknown. To determine the role of the alternative pathway in lupus nephritis, complement factor B-deficient mice were backcrossed to MRL\/lpr mice. MRL\/lpr mice develop a spontaneous lupus-like disease characterized by immune complex glomerulonephritis. We derived complement factor B wild-type (B+\/+), homozygous knockout (B\u2212\/\u2212), and heterozygous (B+\/\u2212) MRL\/lpr mice. Compared with B+\/\u2212 or B+\/+ mice, MRL\/lpr B\u2212\/\u2212 mice developed significantly less proteinuria, less glomerular IgG deposition, and decreased renal scores as well as lower IgG3 cryoglobulin production and vasculitis. Serum C3 levels were normal in the B\u2212\/\u2212 mice compared with significantly decreased levels in the other two groups. These results suggest that: 1) factor B plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in MRL\/lpr mice; and 2) activation of the alternative pathway, either by the amplification loop or by IgA immune complexes, has a prominent effect on serum C3 levels in this lupus model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T19:46:15Z","timestamp":1398023175000},"page":"786-794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Modulation of Renal Disease in MRL\/\n                    <i>lpr<\/i>\n                    Mice Genetically Deficient in the Alternative Complement Pathway Factor B"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina and the Medical Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston, SC 29425"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge\u0301rard","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Circolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick A","family":"Wetsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, FL 33125"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V Michael","family":"Holers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center , Denver, CO 80262"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A","family":"Boackle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center , Denver, CO 80262"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey R","family":"Colten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Medical School , Chicago, IL 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S","family":"Gilkeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina and the Medical Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston, SC 29425"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213185746400_R1","first-page":"545","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Adv. Immunol.","year":"1980"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R3","first-page":"3948","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1978"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R4","first-page":"30205","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R5","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R6","first-page":"906","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R7","first-page":"501","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1980"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R8","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Immunology","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R10","first-page":"1419","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R11","first-page":"1917","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R12","first-page":"1349","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1986"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R13","first-page":"1225","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R14","first-page":"834","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R15","first-page":"332","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1981"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R16","first-page":"372","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1979"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R17","first-page":"615","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1976"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R18","first-page":"86","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1977"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R19","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Prog. Allergy","year":"1980"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R20","first-page":"1676","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R21","first-page":"1178","volume-title":"Arthritis Rheum.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R22","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Nat. Genet.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R23","first-page":"721","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R24","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Nat. Genet.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R25","first-page":"549","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R26","first-page":"4525","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R27","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Immunobiology","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R28","first-page":"320","volume-title":"Kidney Int.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R29","first-page":"403","volume-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R30","first-page":"2799","volume-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R31","first-page":"4553","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R32","first-page":"1321","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R33","first-page":"1645","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R34","first-page":"696","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R35","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R36","first-page":"8720","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R37","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Biotechniques","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R38","first-page":"1482","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R39","first-page":"526","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R40","first-page":"204","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology","year":"1986"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R41","first-page":"1763","volume-title":"Am. J. Pathol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R42","first-page":"2345","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R43","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Kidney Int.","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R44","first-page":"647","volume-title":"Kidney Int.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R45","first-page":"1639","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R46","first-page":"6537","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R47","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213185746400_R48","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Mol. Immunol.","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/164\/2\/786\/62143308\/786.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/164\/2\/786\/62143308\/786.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T18:31:23Z","timestamp":1770057083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/164\/2\/786\/8039777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.786","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}}}