{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:20:48Z","timestamp":1791091248366,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aqueous humor (AqH) contains immunosuppressive factors, especially TGF-\u03b22, that contribute to the immune privileged status of the anterior chamber. However, this may not be true when the blood-ocular barrier is compromised by ocular inflammation. To determine the immunosuppressive status of AqH from murine eyes afflicted with experimental autoimmune uveitis, B10.A mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. AqH was collected from eyes of affected mice periodically after immunization and then evaluated for content of TGF-\u03b2, proinflammatory cytokines, and the capacity to suppress anti-CD3-driven T cell proliferation. mRNA expression of selected cytokines in iris and ciliary body from inflamed eyes was analyzed by ribonuclease protection assay. We found that TGF-\u03b2 levels were significantly increased in AqH from EAU eyes on days 11, 17, and 28. AqH collected on day 11 (onset of disease) failed to suppress T cell proliferation and contained large amounts of locally produced IL-6 that antagonized TGF-\u03b2. In contrast, AqH collected at 17 days (when ocular inflammation was progressively severe) re-expressed the ability to suppress T cell proliferation, in this case due to high levels of blood-derived TGF-\u03b21 and eye-derived TGF-\u03b22 in the absence of IL-6. Thus, during the onset of experimental autoimmune uveitis, the ocular microenvironment loses its immunosuppressive properties due to local production of IL-6. But as inflammation mounts, AqH IL-6 content falls, and the fluid reacquires sufficient TGF-\u03b2 eventually to suppress immunogenic inflammation. The paradoxical roles of IL-6 in antagonizing TGF-\u03b2, while promoting TGF-\u03b2 accumulation during ocular inflammation, is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T18:48:20Z","timestamp":1398106100000},"page":"1185-1192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Analysis of Immunomodulatory Activities of Aqueous Humor from Eyes of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Kouichi","family":"Ohta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Wiggert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Retinal and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Wayne","family":"Streilein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213134931600_R1","first-page":"428","volume-title":"Curr. 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