{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:28:11Z","timestamp":1777318091333,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most current models of T cell activation postulate a requirement for two distinct signals. One signal is delivered through the TCR by engagement with peptide\/MHC complexes, and the second is delivered by interaction between costimulatory molecules such as CD28 and its ligands CD80 and CD86. Soluble peptide\/MHC tetramers provide an opportunity to test whether naive CD8+ T cells can be activated via the signal generated through the TCR-\u03b1\u03b2 in the absence of any potential costimulatory molecules. Using T cells from two different TCR transgenic mice in vitro, we find that TCR engagement by peptide\/MHC tetramers is sufficient for the activation of naive CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, these T cells proliferate, produce cytokines, and differentiate into cytolytic effectors. Under the conditions where anti-CD28 is able to enhance proliferation of normal B6 CD4+, CD8+, and TCR transgenic CD8+ T cells with anti-CD3, we see no effect of anti-CD28 on proliferation induced by tetramers. The results of this experiment argue that given a strong signal delivered through the TCR by an authentic ligand, no costimulation is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T18:48:20Z","timestamp":1398106100000},"page":"1216-1222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Naive CD8+ T Cells Do Not Require Costimulation for Proliferation and Differentiation into Cytotoxic Effector Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Maile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A","family":"Frelinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213150976900_R1","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Annu. 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