{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:43:35Z","timestamp":1791164615960,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After systemic infection of mice with 104 PFU of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), infected cells are detected simultaneously in various organs, including spleen and intestinal mucosa. Most notably, virus-infected cells are also present among CD11c+ dendritic cells in the subepithelial area of the small intestinal mucosa. Some of these virus-infected cells are in close spatial association with intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Therefore, we compared virus-specific cytotoxic activity of CD8 splenocytes with that of IEL subsets. While ex vivo isolated TCR\u03b1\u03b2+CD8\u03b1\u03b1+ IEL exert only minimal virus-specific cytotoxicity, maximum specific killing mediated by TCR\u03b1\u03b2+CD8\u03b1\u03b2+ IEL on day 8 postinfection exceeds maximum cytotoxic activity observed with CD8 splenocytes when assessed in vitro. Maximum cytotoxic activity of IEL is preceded by peak perforin and granzyme B mRNA expression in IEL around day 6 postinfection, suggesting a recent activation in situ. The antivirus cytotoxicity of in vivo primed IEL is further demonstrated by the protection from virus production in the spleen of mice infected with LCMV 10 h before adoptive cell transfer. These data indicate a potent priming of LCMV-specific IEL in situ after systemic LCMV infection and suggest that cytotoxic IEL markedly contribute to the elimination of virus-infected cells in the intestinal mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.1986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T14:44:52Z","timestamp":1398177892000},"page":"1986-1994","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Exert Potent Protective Cytotoxic Activity During an Acute Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Mu\u0308ller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Bu\u0308hler-Jungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Bern , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213170058000_R1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Crit. 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