{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:06:28Z","timestamp":1791219988030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary clearance of the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans requires the development of T1-type immunity. The objective of this study was to determine the role of CCR2 in leukocyte recruitment and development of T1-type cell-mediated immunity during pulmonary C. neoformans infection. Intratracheal inoculation of C. neoformans into CCR2 knockout (CCR2\u2212\/\u2212) mice produced a prolonged pulmonary infection (5000-fold CFU at 6 wk compared with CCR2+\/+ mice) and significant dissemination to the spleen and brain (160- and 800-fold greater). In addition, CCR2 deficiency resulted in significantly reduced recruitment of macrophages (weeks 1\u20133) and CD8+ T cells (weeks 1\u20132) into the lungs. The immune response in CCR2\u2212\/\u2212 mice was characterized by chronic pulmonary eosinophilia, crystal deposition in the lungs, pulmonary leukocyte production of IL-4 and IL-5 but not IFN-\u03b3, lack of anticryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity, and high levels of serum IgE. These results demonstrate that expression of CCR2 is required for the development of a T1-type response to C. neoformans infection and lack of CCR2 results in a switch to a T2-type response. Thus, CCR2 plays a critical role in promoting the development of T1- over T2-type immune responses in the lung following cryptococcus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T14:44:52Z","timestamp":1398177892000},"page":"2021-2027","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["CCR2 Expression Determines T1 Versus T2 Polarization During Pulmonary\n                    <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Tim R","family":"Traynor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"Kuziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas , Austin, TX 78712"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galen B","family":"Toews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary B","family":"Huffnagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213143484500_R1","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Res. 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