{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:31:49Z","timestamp":1773657109328,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The origin of B-1 cells is controversial. The initial paradigm posited that B-1 and B-2 cells derive from separate lineages. More recently it has been argued that B-1 cells derive from conventional B cells as a result of T-independent Ag activation. To understand B-1 cell differentiation, we have generated Ig transgenic (Tg) mice using the H and L chain genes (VH12 and V\u03ba4) of anti-phosphatidyl choline (anti-PtC) B cells. In normal mice anti-PtC B cells segregate to B-1. Segregation is intact in VH12 (6-1) and VH12\/V\u03ba4 (double) Tg mice that develop large numbers of PtC-specific B cells. However, if B-1 cell differentiation is blocked, anti-PtC B cells in these Tg mice are B-2-like in phenotype, suggesting the existence of an Ag-driven differentiative pathway from B-2 to B-1. In this study, we show that double Tg mice have a population of anti-PtC B cells that have the phenotypic characteristics of both B-2 and B-1 cells and that have the potential to differentiate to B-1 (B-1a and B-1b). Cyclosporin A blocks this differentiation and induces a more B-2-like phenotype in these cells. These findings indicate that these cells are intermediate between B-2 and B-1, further evidence of a B-2 to B-1 differentiative pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.6.2924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T16:28:33Z","timestamp":1398184113000},"page":"2924-2930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Identification of a Precursor to Phosphatidyl Choline-Specific B-1 Cells Suggesting That B-1 Cells Differentiate from Splenic Conventional B Cells In Vivo: Cyclosporin A Blocks Differentiation to B-1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Larry W","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne K","family":"McCray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calin","family":"Tatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen H","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213180926100_R1","first-page":"202","volume-title":"J. 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