{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:51:43Z","timestamp":1776261103662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated the role of the humoral arm of the immune response in causing or contributing to virus-induced diabetes. Transgenic mice expressing the nucleoprotein (NP) or glycoprotein (GP) of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) under control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP) in pancreatic \u03b2 cells (RIP-LCMV) and RIP-LCMV mice with genetic dysfunction of B cells (RIP-LCMV \u00d7 \u03bcMT\/\u03bcMT) were compared for development of diabetes after challenge with LCMV. After inoculation with LCMV, B and T lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrated into pancreatic islets in RIP-LCMV mice, and over 50% of these mice generated Abs against host insulin or glutamate decarboxylase. However, neither B cells nor the autoantibodies played a direct role in the initiation, kinetics, or severity of the virus-induced diabetes as judged by comparing disease in RIP-LCMV mice to littermates whose functional B cells were genetically eliminated. Furthermore, the quality and quantity of T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration was similar in the B cell-deficient and non-B cell-deficient RIP-LCMV mice. Although the development of autoantibodies to islet Ags had no direct influence on the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus, it served as a prediabetes marker, as such autoantibodies were often elevated before the onset of disease. Hence, the RIP-LCMV model is not only useful for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of how islets are destroyed and spared but also for evaluating therapeutic strategies before onset of clinical diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.10.5945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T23:07:29Z","timestamp":1398121649000},"page":"5945-5953","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Neither B Lymphocytes Nor Antibodies Directed Against Self Antigens of the Islets of Langerhans Are Required for Development of Virus-Induced Autoimmune Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Holz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dyrberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S , Bagsvaerd ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hagopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest Research Institute, University of Washington, Department of Medicine , Seattle, WA 98195"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Homann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"von Herrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael B A","family":"Oldstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213145431500_R1","first-page":"1360","volume-title":"N. 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