{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:47:56Z","timestamp":1780055276521,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Macrophage inflammatory protein-1\u03b1 (MIP-1\u03b1\/CCL3) is a CC chemokine required for optimal recruitment of leukocytes in response to cryptococcal Ags. MIP-1\u03b1 is expressed in the lungs by day 6 post Cryptococcus neoformans infection and could play a role in the development of cell-mediated immunity. To address this possibility, wild-type (MIP-1\u03b1+\/+) mice and MIP-1\u03b1 knockout (MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212) mice were infected intratracheally with a highly virulent strain of C. neoformans (145A). MIP-1\u03b1 message was detected in the lungs on days 3, 7, and 14 in MIP-1\u03b1+\/+ mice, but it was undetectable in MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. On day 16, MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice had a 7-fold increase in C. neoformans burden in the lungs, but no decrease in pulmonary leukocyte recruitment. MIP-1\u03b1+\/+ and MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice had similar numbers of recruited lymphocytes and monocytes\/macrophages. Notably, MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice had a significantly greater number of eosinophils. MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice had extremely high levels of serum IgE. This switch of immune response to a T2 phenotype was associated with enhanced IL-4 and IL-13 expression in the lungs of MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice compared with MIP-1\u03b1 +\/+ mice. Progression of pulmonary cryptococcosis in the presence of nonprotective T2 immunity resulted in profound lung damage in MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice (eosinophilic crystal deposition, destruction of lung parenchyma, and pulmonary hemorrhage). Twelve-week survival was dramatically decreased in MIP-1\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. These studies, together with our previous studies, demonstrate that MIP-1\u03b1 plays a role in both the afferent (T1\/T2 development) and efferent (T1-mediated leukocyte recruitment) phases of cell-mediated immunity to C. neoformans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T22:44:50Z","timestamp":1398120290000},"page":"6429-6436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["The Role of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1\u03b1\/CCL3 in Regulation of T Cell-Mediated Immunity to\n                    <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Michal A","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary B","family":"Huffnagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderick A","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis M","family":"Lindell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany B","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald N","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schering Plough Research Institute , Kenilworth, NJ 07033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galen B","family":"Toews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213102072000_R1","first-page":"1423","volume-title":"Infect. 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