{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:31:43Z","timestamp":1773757903355,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The interaction of CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed by activated T cells with CD40 on macrophages has been shown to be a potent stimulus for the production of IL-12, an obligate signal for generation of Th1 cytokine responses. The expression and interaction of CD40 and CD40L were investigated in human infectious disease using leprosy as a model. CD40 and CD40L mRNA and surface protein expression were predominant in skin lesions of resistant tuberculoid patients compared with the highly susceptible lepromatous group. IL-12 release from PBMC of tuberculoid patients stimulated with Mycobacterium leprae was partially inhibited by mAbs to CD40 or CD40L, correlating with Ag-induced up-regulation of CD40L on T cells. Cognate recognition of M. leprae Ag by a T cell clone derived from a tuberculoid lesion in the context of monocyte APC resulted in CD40L-CD40-dependent production of IL-12. In contrast, M. leprae-induced IL-12 production by PBMC from lepromatous patients was not dependent on CD40L-CD40 ligation, nor was CD40L up-regulated by M. leprae. Furthermore, IL-10, a cytokine predominant in lepromatous lesions, blocked the IFN-\u03b3 up-regulation of CD40 on monocytes. These data suggest that T cell activation in situ by M. leprae in tuberculoid leprosy leads to local up-regulation of CD40L, which stimulates CD40-dependent induction of IL-12 in monocytes. The CD40-CD40L interaction, which is not evident in lepromatous leprosy, probably participates in the cell-mediated immune response to microbial pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.3.1506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T17:16:28Z","timestamp":1398186988000},"page":"1506-1512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A Role for CD40-CD40 Ligand Interactions in the Generation of Type 1 Cytokine Responses in Human Leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Paul S","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua R","family":"Bleharski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Uyemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Sieling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Brightbill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Schlienger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas H","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L","family":"Modlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213062546600_R1","first-page":"4494","volume-title":"Proc. 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