{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:56:20Z","timestamp":1773806180693,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Significant quantities of PGE2 were produced by cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni following incubation with linoleic acid, a free fatty acid found on the surface of the skin. Cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 inhibitors failed to block this PGE2 production, suggesting that a different biochemical pathway may be involved in the production of PGE2 by the parasite. In addition, the parasites were also able to induce PGE2 and IL-10 from human and mouse keratinocytes. Analysis of mouse skin during skin migratory phases of infection confirmed these in vitro observations. COX2 inhibitors blocked the parasite-induced PGE2 and IL-10 from keratinocytes. Further analysis of the parasite secretions showed that the PGE2\/IL-10-inducing effect was associated with a fraction &amp;lt;30 kDa molecular size. Addition of this fraction or parasite-stimulated keratinocyte culture supernatant to Con A-stimulated spleen cells resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation. This effect could be blocked by anti-IL-10 treatment. In sharp contrast, attenuation of the parasites with \u03b3-irradiation significantly abrogated their ability to induce PGE2 or IL-10 from skin cells. Significance of IL-10 in host immunoregulation by skin stage schistosomula of S. mansoni was further confirmed by using IL-10-deficient mice. In these mice the normal subdued cutaneous reaction to the parasite was absent. Instead, a prominent cellular reaction occurred around the parasite, and there was considerable delay in parasitic migration through the skin. Thus these results suggest a key role for parasite-induced PGE2 in IL-10-dependent down-regulation of host immune responses in the skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.8.4567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:07:54Z","timestamp":1398028074000},"page":"4567-4574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["A Role for Parasite-Induced PGE2 in IL-10-Mediated Host Immunoregulation by Skin Stage Schistosomula of\n                    <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Kalyanasundaram","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois , Rockford, IL 61107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois , Rockford, IL 61107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Xun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois , Rockford, IL 61107"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213111764400_R1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Parasitology","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R2","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Parasitology","year":"1986"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R3","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Exp. Parasitol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R4","first-page":"288","volume-title":"Parasitol. Today","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R5","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Parasitol. Int.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R6","first-page":"250","volume-title":"Immunology","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R7","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Immunology","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R8","first-page":"2713","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R9","first-page":"4473","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R10","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R11","first-page":"1502","volume-title":"J. Infect. Dis.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R12","first-page":"1655","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R13","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Exp. Parasitol.","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R14","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Exp. Parasitol.","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R15"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R16","first-page":"775","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R17","first-page":"92","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R18","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R19","first-page":"1164","volume-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R20","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Adv. Parasitol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R21","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Immunol. Infect. Dis.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R22","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Exp. Parasitol.","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R23","first-page":"298","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R24","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol.","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R25","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Immunol. Today","year":"1986"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R26","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Parasite Immunol.","year":"1986"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R27","first-page":"S107","volume-title":"Parasitology","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R28","first-page":"656","volume-title":"J. Parasitol.","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R29","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Parasitol. Today","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R30","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R31","first-page":"1695","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R32","first-page":"927","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R33","first-page":"13","volume-title":"J. Inflamm.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R34","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Trop. Geogr. Med.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R35","first-page":"3315","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213111764400_R36","first-page":"513","volume-title":"Parasite Immunol.","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/165\/8\/4567\/62733771\/4567.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/165\/8\/4567\/62733771\/4567.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T18:18:06Z","timestamp":1770056286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/165\/8\/4567\/8038802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.165.8.4567","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}}}