{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:18:46Z","timestamp":1792459126313,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We tested the notion that the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) could target, in addition to nasal-associated lymphoreticular tissues, the olfactory nerves\/epithelium (ON\/E) and olfactory bulbs (OBs) when given intranasally. Radiolabeled CT (125I-CT) or CT-B subunit (125I-CT-B), when given intranasally to mice, entered the ON\/E and OB and persisted for 6 days; however, neither molecule was present in nasal-associated lymphoreticular tissues beyond 24 h. This uptake into olfactory regions was monosialoganglioside (GM1) dependent. Intranasal vaccination with 125I-tetanus toxoid together with unlabeled CT as adjuvant resulted in uptake into the ON\/E but not the OB, whereas 125I-tetanus toxoid alone did not penetrate into the CNS. We conclude that GM1-binding molecules like CT target the ON\/E and are retrograde transported to the OB and may promote uptake of vaccine proteins into olfactory neurons. This raises concerns about the role of GM1-binding molecules that target neuronal tissues in mucosal immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.4778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:59:08Z","timestamp":1398034748000},"page":"4778-4782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":310,"title":["Cutting Edge: The Mucosal Adjuvant Cholera Toxin Redirects Vaccine Proteins into Olfactory Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Frederik W","family":"van Ginkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond J","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Yuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JCR Biopharmaceuticals , San Diego, CA 92121"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry R","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama , Birmingham, AL 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213130019600_R1","first-page":"2736","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R2","first-page":"1309","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R3","first-page":"4621","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R4","first-page":"1203","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R5","first-page":"5267","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R6","first-page":"4115","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R7","first-page":"7015","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R8","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R9","first-page":"166","volume-title":"Protein Sci.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R10","first-page":"20916","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R11","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Hear. Res.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R12","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","year":"1980"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R13","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Brain Res.","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R14","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Brain Res.","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R15","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Brain Res. Protoc.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R16","first-page":"733","volume-title":"Neuroscience","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R17","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Modern Drug Discovery","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R18","first-page":"476","volume-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R19","first-page":"751","volume-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R20","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Curr. Microbiol.","year":"1978"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R21","first-page":"506","volume-title":"Scand. J. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R22","first-page":"1951","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R23","first-page":"611","volume-title":"Scand. J. Immunol.","year":"1986"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R24","first-page":"974","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R25","first-page":"732","volume-title":"Vaccine","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R26","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Molecular Approaches to Vaccine Design","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R27","first-page":"908","volume-title":"J. Oto-Rhino-Laryng. Soc. Jpn.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R28","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020213130019600_R29","first-page":"10984","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/165\/9\/4778\/62734132\/4778.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/165\/9\/4778\/62734132\/4778.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T18:21:05Z","timestamp":1770056465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/165\/9\/4778\/8039052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.4778","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]}}}