{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:25:46Z","timestamp":1791181546300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It has been suggested that B cells acquire the capacity for secondary V(D)J recombination during germinal center (GC) reactions. The nature of these B cells remains controversial. Subsets of tonsil and blood B cells and also individual B cells were examined for the expression of recombination-activating gene (RAG) mRNA. Semiquantitative analysis indicated that RAG1 mRNA was present in all tonsil B cell subsets, with the largest amount found in naive B cells. RAG2 mRNA was only found in tonsil naive B cells, centrocytes, and to a lesser extent in centroblasts. Neither RAG1 nor RAG2 mRNA was routinely found in normal peripheral blood B cells. In individual tonsil B cells, RAG1 and RAG2 mRNAs were found in 18% of naive B cells, 22% of GC founder cells, 0% of centroblasts, 13% of centrocytes, and 9% of memory B cells. Individual naive tonsil B cells containing both RAG1 and RAG2 mRNA were activated (CD69+). In normal peripheral blood \u223c5% of B cells expressed both RAG1 and RAG2. These cells were uniformly postswitch memory B cells as documented by the coexpression of IgG mRNA. These results indicate that coordinate RAG expression is not found in normal peripheral naive B cells but is up-regulated in naive B cells which are activated in the tonsil. With the exception of centroblasts, RAG1 and RAG2 expression can be found in all components of the GC, including postswitch memory B cells, some of which may circulate in the blood of normal subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.1.377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:32:59Z","timestamp":1398029579000},"page":"377-386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["RAG1 and RAG2 Expression by B Cell Subsets from Human Tonsil and Peripheral Blood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Hermann J","family":"Girschick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Harold C. Simmons Arthritis Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75235"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrie C","family":"Grammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Harold C. Simmons Arthritis Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75235"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Nanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Harold C. Simmons Arthritis Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX 75235"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlyn","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Harold C. 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