{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T01:35:31Z","timestamp":1770082531498,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]],"date-time":"2001-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immunodeficiency syndrome murine AIDS (MAIDS), caused by the BM5 retrovirus preparation, involves the activation, division, and subsequent anergy of the entire CD4+ T cell population as well as extensive B cell hyperproliferation and hypergammaglobulinemia, resulting in splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, followed many weeks later by death. The development of MAIDS requires CD4+ T cells and MHC class II expression by the infected host, supporting a role for T-B interaction in disease development or progression. To explore this possibility, we examined development of MAIDS in mice deficient in CD4 (CD4 knockout), in which T-B interactions are compromised. We find that in CD4 knockout hosts, BM5 causes T cell immunodeficiency in the remaining T cells but has only a limited ability to induce B cell phenotypic changes, hyperproliferation, hypergammaglobulinemia, or splenomegaly. There is also delayed death of infected mice. This implies that CD4 dependent T-B interaction is needed to induce the B cell aspects of disease and supports a multistep mechanism of disease in which B cell changes follow and are caused by CD4+ T cell effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.10.6041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:28:25Z","timestamp":1398032905000},"page":"6041-6049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["B Cell Immunodeficiency Fails to Develop in CD4-Deficient Mice Infected with BM5: Murine AIDS as a Multistep Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"David P","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina M","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan L","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Trudeau Institute , Saranac Lake, NY 12983"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020209170676900_R1","first-page":"766","volume-title":"J. 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