{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:19:56Z","timestamp":1781169596984,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]],"date-time":"2001-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The mechanism by which tumors are rejected following the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells is not well characterized. Recent work has challenged the requirement for cytotoxicity mediated by either the perforin\/granzyme or Fas\/Fas ligand pathway in T cell-mediated tumor regression. Many reports, including ours, suggest that tumor-specific production of IFN-\u03b3 is critical for T cell-mediated tumor regression. However, in most of these studies the evidence to support the role for IFN-\u03b3 is only indirect. We have directly examined the requirement for IFN-\u03b3 using IFN-\u03b3 knockout (GKO) mice. The results show an interesting dichotomy in the requirement for IFN-\u03b3: Antitumor immunity induced by active-specific immunotherapy (vaccination) required IFN-\u03b3, whereas adoptive immunotherapy did not. In GKO mice vaccination with the GM-CSF gene-modified B16BL6-D5 tumor (D5-G6) failed to induce protective immunity against parental D5 tumor. However, adoptive transfer of effector T cells from GKO mice cured 100% of GKO mice with established pulmonary metastases and induced long term antitumor immunity and depigmentation of skin. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization of IFN-\u03b3 by mAb treatment or adoptive transfer into IFN-\u03b3 receptor knockout mice failed to block the therapeutic efficacy of effector T cells generated from wild-type or perforin knockout mice. Analysis of regressing metastases revealed similar infiltrates of macrophages and granulocytes in both wild-type and GKO mice. These results indicate that in this adoptive immunotherapy model, neither a direct effect on the tumor nor an indirect effect of IFN-\u03b3 through activation of myeloid or lymphoid cells is critical for therapeutic efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T23:36:18Z","timestamp":1398036978000},"page":"7370-7380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Immunotherapy of Melanoma: A Dichotomy in the Requirement for IFN-\u03b3 in Vaccine-Induced Antitumor Immunity Versus Adoptive Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Hauke","family":"Winter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Ming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"McClain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter J","family":"Urba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"},{"name":"Oregon Cancer Center, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard A","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"},{"name":"Oregon Cancer Center, Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland, OR 97213"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032907395620000_R1","first-page":"2357","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R2","first-page":"4109","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R3","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R4","first-page":"897","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R5","first-page":"749","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R6","first-page":"563","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R7","first-page":"1716","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1987"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R8","first-page":"1453","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1991"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R9","first-page":"2635","volume-title":"Blood","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R10","first-page":"13791","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R11","first-page":"677","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R12","first-page":"1609","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1985"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R13","first-page":"2407","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1988"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R14","first-page":"647","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1991"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R15","first-page":"833","volume-title":"Cancer Res.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R16","first-page":"1697","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R17","first-page":"664","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R18","first-page":"3033","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R19","first-page":"334","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R20","first-page":"4462","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R21","first-page":"3444","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R22","first-page":"4075","volume-title":"Cancer Res.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R23","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Cancer Gene Ther.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R24","first-page":"1165","volume-title":"Cancer","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R25","first-page":"151","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R26","first-page":"473","volume-title":"Cell. Immunol.","year":"1991"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R27","first-page":"729","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1991"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R28","first-page":"916","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R29","first-page":"1717","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R30","first-page":"4246","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R31","first-page":"507","volume-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R32","first-page":"1923","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R33","first-page":"6671","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R34","first-page":"1333","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R35","volume-title":"Macrophages and Immune Response","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R36","first-page":"1739","volume-title":"Science","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R37","first-page":"1129","volume-title":"Cancer Res.","year":"1992"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R38","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R39","first-page":"7556","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R40","first-page":"7116","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025032907395620000_R41","first-page":"1107","volume-title":"Nature","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/166\/12\/7370\/62531787\/7370.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/166\/12\/7370\/62531787\/7370.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T07:11:55Z","timestamp":1743405115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/166\/12\/7370\/8025768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7370","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}}}