{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:52:17Z","timestamp":1760122337343,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]],"date-time":"2001-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>IL-12 plays a central role in both innate and acquired immunity and has been demonstrated to potentiate the protective immunity in several experimental vaccines. However, in this study, we show that IL-12 can be detrimental to the immune responses elicited by a plasmid DNA vaccine. Coadministration of the IL-12-expressing plasmid (pIL-12) significantly suppressed the protective immunity elicited by a plasmid DNA vaccine (pE) encoding the envelope protein of Japanese encephalitis virus. This suppressive effect was associated with marked reduction of specific T cell proliferation and Ab responses. A single dose of pIL-12 treatment with plasmid pE in initial priming resulted in significant immune suppression to subsequent pE booster immunization. The pIL-12-mediated immune suppression was dose dependent and evident only when the IL-12 gene was injected either before or coincident with the pE DNA vaccine. Finally, using IFN-\u03b3 gene-disrupted mice, we showed that the suppressive activity of the IL-12 plasmid was dependent upon endogenous production of IFN-\u03b3. These results demonstrate that coexpression of the IL-12 gene can sometimes produce untoward effects to immune responses, and thus its application as a vaccine adjuvant should be carefully evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T23:36:18Z","timestamp":1398036978000},"page":"7419-7426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Suppression of Immune Response and Protective Immunity to a Japanese Encephalitis Virus DNA Vaccine by Coadministration of an IL-12-Expressing Plasmid"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Hsin-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Hsiung","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwei-Wen","family":"Huan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yi","family":"Liau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control, Department of Health , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen-Ron","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control, Department of Health , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Hua","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,15]]},"reference":[{"first-page":"869","volume-title":"J. 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