{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:23:58Z","timestamp":1792023838775,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes a life-threatening disease called melioidosis. In vivo experiments in mice have identified that a rapid IFN-\u03b3 response is essential for host survival. To identify the cellular sources of IFN-\u03b3, spleen cells from uninfected mice were stimulated with B. pseudomallei in vitro and assayed by ELISA and flow cytometry. Costaining for intracellular IFN-\u03b3 vs cell surface markers demonstrated that NK cells and, more surprisingly, CD8+ T cells were the dominant sources of IFN-\u03b3. IFN-\u03b3+ NK cells were detectable after 5 h and IFN-\u03b3+ CD8+ T cells within 15 h after addition of bacteria. IFN-\u03b3 production by both cell populations was inhibited by coincubation with neutralizing mAb to IL-12 or IL-18, while a mAb to TNF had much less effect. Three-color flow cytometry showed that IFN-\u03b3-producing CD8+ T cells were of the CD44high phenotype. The preferential activation of NK cells and CD8+ T cells, rather than CD4+ T cells, was also observed in response to Listeria monocytogenes or a combination of IL-12 and IL-18 both in vitro and in vivo. This rapid mechanism of CD8+ T cell activation may be an important component of innate immunity to intracellular pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.1097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:56:47Z","timestamp":1398034607000},"page":"1097-1105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":244,"title":["Bystander Activation of CD8+ T Cells Contributes to the Rapid Production of IFN-\u03b3 in Response to Bacterial Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Ganjana","family":"Lertmemongkolchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guifang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J","family":"Bancroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208091846700_R1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Clin. 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