{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:28:22Z","timestamp":1791138502340,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In an effort to develop a safe and effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), we used Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT), and LTK63 (an LT mutant devoid of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity) to elicit murine CD8+ CTL responses to an intranasally codelivered CTL peptide from the second matrix protein (M2) of RSV. M282\u201390-specific CD8+ T cells were detected by IFN-\u03b3 enzyme-linked immunospot and 51Cr release assay in local and systemic lymph nodes, and their induction was dependent on the use of a mucosal adjuvant. CTL elicited by peptide immunization afforded protection against RSV challenge, but also enhanced weight loss. CTL-mediated viral clearance was not dependent on IFN-\u03b3 since depletion using specific mAb during RSV challenge did not affect cellular recruitment or viral clearance. Depletion of IFN-\u03b3 did, however, reduce the concentration of TNF detected in lung homogenates of challenged mice and largely prevented the weight loss associated with CTL-mediated viral clearance. Mice primed with the attachment glycoprotein (G) develop lung eosinophilia after intranasal RSV challenge. Mucosal peptide vaccination reduced pulmonary eosinophilia in mice subsequently immunized with G and challenged with RSV. These studies emphasize that protective and immunoregulatory CD8+ CTL responses can be mucosally elicited using enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants but that resistance against viral infection may be accompanied by enhanced disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.1106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:56:47Z","timestamp":1398034607000},"page":"1106-1113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Mucosal Delivery of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus CTL Peptide with Enterotoxin-Based Adjuvants Elicits Protective, Immunopathogenic, and Immunoregulatory Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Cameron P","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine , South Kensington, London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Hussell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Medical School , Paddington, London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Sparer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Medical School , Paddington, London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Walzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Medical School , Paddington, London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Openshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Medical School , Paddington, London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Dougan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine , South Kensington, London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208060163800_R1","first-page":"541","volume-title":"Lancet","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020208060163800_R2","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Am. 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