{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:31:45Z","timestamp":1791307905867,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kaliotoxin (KTX), a blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv), is highly selective for Kv1.1 and Kv1.3. First, Kv1.3 is expressed by T lymphocytes. Blockers of Kv1.3 inhibit T lymphocyte activation. Second, Kv1.1 is found in paranodal regions of axons in the central nervous system. Kv blockers improve the impaired neuronal conduction of demyelinated axons in vitro and potentiate the synaptic transmission. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic properties of KTX via its immunosuppressive and symptomatic neurological effects, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. The T line cells used to induce adoptive EAE were myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific, constitutively contained mRNA for Kv1.3. and expressed Kv1.3. These channels were shown to be blocked by KTX. Activation is a crucial step for MBP T cells to become encephalitogenic. The addition of KTX during Ag-T cell activation led to a great reduction in the MBP T cell proliferative response, in the production of IL-2 and TNF, and in Ca2+ influx. Furthermore, the addition of KTX during T cell activation in vitro led a decreased encephalitogenicity of MBP T cells. Moreover, KTX injected into Lewis rats impaired T cell function such as the delayed-type hypersensitivity. Lastly, the administration of this blocker of neuronal and lymphocyte channels to Lewis rats improved the symptoms of EAE. We conclude that KTX is a potent immunosuppressive agent with beneficial effects on the neurological symptoms of EAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:56:47Z","timestamp":1398034607000},"page":"936-944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Selective Blocking of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels Improves Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Inhibits T Cell Activation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Beeton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyne","family":"Barbaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Giraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Canaux Ioniques, Unite\u0301 de Formation et de Recherche de Me\u0301decine, Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale Unite\u0301 464 , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Devaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 Propre de Recherche 9024 , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Benoliel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, Ho\u0302pital Sainte-Marguerite, Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale Unite\u0301 387 , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Gola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 Propre de Recherche 9024 , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Marc","family":"Sabatier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Inge\u0301nierie des Prote\u0301ines, Institut Federatif de Recherche Jean Roche, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine-Nord, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 6560 , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Crest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite\u0301 Propre de Recherche 9024 , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Be\u0301raud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208052662100_R1","first-page":"4759","volume-title":"Proc. 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