{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:28:07Z","timestamp":1787030887132,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liver enlargement and hepatocyte proliferation, normal responses in wild-type (WT) mice infected with the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni, were found to be severely impaired in infected IL-4\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Compared with WT mice, increased levels of O2\u2212, NO, and the more highly reactive ONOO\u2212 were detected in the liver and produced by lesional cells isolated from liver granulomas of infected IL-4\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Concurrently, antioxidant defenses in the liver, specifically catalase levels, diminished dramatically during the course of infection in these animals. This contrasted to the situation in infected WT mice, where catalase levels remained as high as those in normal mice. Actual levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the livers of infected IL-4\u2212\/\u2212 animals are thus likely to be considerably higher than those in the livers of infected WT mice. To determine whether these changes contributed to the development of the more severe disease that characterizes infection in the IL-4\u2212\/\u2212 animals, we treated infected IL-4\u2212\/\u2212 mice with uric acid, a potent scavenger of ONOO\u2212. This resulted in significantly increased hepatocyte proliferation, decreased morbidity, and prolonged survival. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-4 is playing a protective role during schistosomiasis by controlling the tight regulation of the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:55:06Z","timestamp":1398030906000},"page":"1903-1911","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["IL-4 Plays a Crucial Role in Regulating Oxidative Damage in the Liver During Schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Anne Camille","family":"La Flamme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine , Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine , Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverley","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine , Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine , Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020209134451300_R1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Trop. 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