{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:26:08Z","timestamp":1759530368678,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) represent potential adjuvants for specific immunotherapy of type I allergies because they foster Th1-like immune responses. However, previous work has shown that CpG-ODN induce systemically active levels of TNF-\u03b1 in murine macrophages. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the release of TNF-\u03b1 in human cells by a CpG-ODN proven to induce Th1 immune responses in cells from atopic individuals and in mice. CpG-ODN induced TNF-\u03b1 in cells from atopic and healthy individuals. However, the amounts were low, as determined by comparison with commonly used Ags. Intracellular cytokine staining of PBMC revealed that CpG-ODN-induced TNF-\u03b1 derived exclusively from B lymphocytes. TNF-\u03b1 contributed to the CpG-ODN-augmented proliferation and Ig synthesis in PBMC, but was not involved in IFN-\u03b3 synthesis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that certain CpG-ODN induce low amounts of TNF-\u03b1 in human B lymphocytes and may therefore be used to modulate Th2-biased immune responses in allergic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.3743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T23:32:32Z","timestamp":1398036752000},"page":"3743-3748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing CpG Motifs Induce Low Levels of TNF-\u03b1 in Human B Lymphocytes: Possible Adjuvants for Th1 Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bohle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Orel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,15]]},"reference":[{"first-page":"4706","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1994","key":"2025032713594368100_R1"},{"first-page":"599","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1996","key":"2025032713594368100_R2"},{"first-page":"2022","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998","key":"2025032713594368100_R3"},{"first-page":"4393","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2000","key":"2025032713594368100_R4"},{"first-page":"558","volume-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.","year":"1998","key":"2025032713594368100_R5"},{"first-page":"157","volume-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.","year":"1998","key":"2025032713594368100_R6"},{"first-page":"144","volume-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol.","year":"1998","key":"2025032713594368100_R7"},{"first-page":"849","volume-title":"Nat. Med.","year":"1997","key":"2025032713594368100_R8"},{"first-page":"1623","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1997","key":"2025032713594368100_R9"},{"first-page":"3627","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998","key":"2025032713594368100_R10"},{"first-page":"6970","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R11"},{"first-page":"2555","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998","key":"2025032713594368100_R12"},{"first-page":"7054","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998","key":"2025032713594368100_R13"},{"first-page":"3065","volume-title":"Vaccine","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R14"},{"first-page":"1920","volume-title":"Vaccine","year":"2000","key":"2025032713594368100_R15"},{"first-page":"1119","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1996","key":"2025032713594368100_R16"},{"first-page":"944","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2000","key":"2025032713594368100_R17"},{"first-page":"5394","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1996","key":"2025032713594368100_R18"},{"first-page":"699","volume-title":"Immunology","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R19"},{"first-page":"9305","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R20"},{"first-page":"2344","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R21"},{"first-page":"87","volume-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.","year":"2000","key":"2025032713594368100_R22"},{"first-page":"72","volume-title":"Cell. Immunol.","year":"1996","key":"2025032713594368100_R23"},{"first-page":"3420","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"1997","key":"2025032713594368100_R24"},{"first-page":"1671","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"1997","key":"2025032713594368100_R25"},{"first-page":"893","volume-title":"Gene Ther.","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R26"},{"first-page":"1015","volume-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R27"},{"first-page":"1481","volume-title":"N. Engl. J. Med.","year":"1988","key":"2025032713594368100_R28"},{"first-page":"336","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1997","key":"2025032713594368100_R29"},{"first-page":"999","volume-title":"Blood","year":"2000","key":"2025032713594368100_R30"},{"first-page":"2879","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1996","key":"2025032713594368100_R31"},{"first-page":"128","volume-title":"Methods","year":"1997","key":"2025032713594368100_R32"},{"first-page":"1539","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1988","key":"2025032713594368100_R33"},{"first-page":"1879","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"1994","key":"2025032713594368100_R34"},{"first-page":"5946","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R35"},{"first-page":"902","volume-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.","year":"1999","key":"2025032713594368100_R36"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/166\/6\/3743\/62534850\/3743.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/166\/6\/3743\/62534850\/3743.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T15:45:58Z","timestamp":1743349558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/166\/6\/3743\/8016559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.3743","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-1767"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-6606"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]}}}