{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T20:04:48Z","timestamp":1771531488065,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Peripheral immune tolerance following i.v. administration of Ag has been shown to occur in the absence of B cells. Because different mechanisms have been identified for i.v. vs low dose oral tolerance and B cells are a predominant component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) they may play a role in tolerance induction following oral Ag. To examine the role of B cells in oral tolerance we fed low doses of OVA or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein to B cell-deficient (\u03bcMT) and wild-type C57BL\/6 mice. Results showed that the GALT of naive wild-type and \u03bcMT mice was characterized by major differences in the cytokine microenvironment. Feeding low doses of 0.5 mg OVA or 250 \u03bcg myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein resulted in up-regulation of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-\u03b2 in the GALT of wild-type but not \u03bcMT mice. Upon stimulation of popliteal node cells, in vitro induction of regulatory cytokines TGF-\u03b2 and IL-10 was observed in wild-type but not \u03bcMT mice. Greater protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was found in wild-type mice. Oral tolerance in \u03bcMT and wild-type mice was found to proceed by different mechanisms. Anergy was observed from 0.5 mg to 250 ng in \u03bcMT mice but not in wild-type mice. Increased Ag was detected in the lymph of \u03bcMT mice. No cytokine-mediated suppression was found following lower doses from 100 ng to 500 pg in either group. These results demonstrate the importance of the B cell for the induction of cytokine-mediated suppression associated with low doses of Ag.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:32:21Z","timestamp":1398025941000},"page":"4456-4464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["B Cell-Deficient (\u03bcMT) Mice Have Alterations in the Cytokine Microenvironment of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) and a Defect in the Low Dose Mechanism of Oral Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Patricia A","family":"Gonnella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans Peter","family":"Waldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard L","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208042450400_R1","first-page":"131","volume-title":"J. 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